Seed Biology of Witchgrass (Panicum capillare L.) Ensures Its Success Under Different Environmental Conditions
Witchgrass (Panicum capillare L.) is a summer growing grass weed species and is increasing its prevalence in southern Australia. A better understanding of the seed biology is needed to effectively manage this weed. A series of field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine seed germination...
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doaj-862629e2a1b4427c9748c7f0dc1ca4f72021-04-22T04:51:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Agronomy2673-32182021-04-01310.3389/fagro.2021.657785657785Seed Biology of Witchgrass (Panicum capillare L.) Ensures Its Success Under Different Environmental ConditionsHanwen Wu0Hanwen Wu1Md Asaduzzaman2Md Asaduzzaman3Adam Shephard4Xiaoyan Ma5Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, AustraliaNew South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Weed Research Unit, Wagga Wagga, NSW, AustraliaGraham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, AustraliaNew South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Weed Research Unit, Wagga Wagga, NSW, AustraliaNew South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Weed Research Unit, Wagga Wagga, NSW, AustraliaState Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, ChinaWitchgrass (Panicum capillare L.) is a summer growing grass weed species and is increasing its prevalence in southern Australia. A better understanding of the seed biology is needed to effectively manage this weed. A series of field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine seed germination factors, field emergence patterns, and soil seedbank longevity. Witchgrass germination was stimulated by light and it germinated better at temperature over 20°C, with 93–100% germination at the two constant temperatures of 20 and 30°C, and the two alternating day/night temperatures of 30/25 and 35/25°C. It is highly tolerant to moisture stress at germination, with 2–7% germination even at −0.48 Mpa. Witchgrass seed lost 47–68% viability after 12 months of burial in the soil, however the seed persisted for more than 4 years if buried at 10 cm in the soil. Witchgrass emergence in southern New South Wales (NSW) commenced in mid spring (early October), with peak emergence of 63–83% in November and then significantly reduced to 16–37% emergence in December. Little emergence (<1%) occurred in the summer months from January to February. These results provide useful information for designing effective management strategies and the optimum timing of control. Climate change could favor the phenological development and the further spread of this weed, which present new challenges for its effective management. Further study is needed to investigate the impact of climate change on the biology, spread, and management of witchgrass.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2021.657785/fullgermination biologyseed viabilitytemperatureseedbankseed burialfield emergence |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hanwen Wu Hanwen Wu Md Asaduzzaman Md Asaduzzaman Adam Shephard Xiaoyan Ma |
spellingShingle |
Hanwen Wu Hanwen Wu Md Asaduzzaman Md Asaduzzaman Adam Shephard Xiaoyan Ma Seed Biology of Witchgrass (Panicum capillare L.) Ensures Its Success Under Different Environmental Conditions Frontiers in Agronomy germination biology seed viability temperature seedbank seed burial field emergence |
author_facet |
Hanwen Wu Hanwen Wu Md Asaduzzaman Md Asaduzzaman Adam Shephard Xiaoyan Ma |
author_sort |
Hanwen Wu |
title |
Seed Biology of Witchgrass (Panicum capillare L.) Ensures Its Success Under Different Environmental Conditions |
title_short |
Seed Biology of Witchgrass (Panicum capillare L.) Ensures Its Success Under Different Environmental Conditions |
title_full |
Seed Biology of Witchgrass (Panicum capillare L.) Ensures Its Success Under Different Environmental Conditions |
title_fullStr |
Seed Biology of Witchgrass (Panicum capillare L.) Ensures Its Success Under Different Environmental Conditions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Seed Biology of Witchgrass (Panicum capillare L.) Ensures Its Success Under Different Environmental Conditions |
title_sort |
seed biology of witchgrass (panicum capillare l.) ensures its success under different environmental conditions |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Agronomy |
issn |
2673-3218 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Witchgrass (Panicum capillare L.) is a summer growing grass weed species and is increasing its prevalence in southern Australia. A better understanding of the seed biology is needed to effectively manage this weed. A series of field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine seed germination factors, field emergence patterns, and soil seedbank longevity. Witchgrass germination was stimulated by light and it germinated better at temperature over 20°C, with 93–100% germination at the two constant temperatures of 20 and 30°C, and the two alternating day/night temperatures of 30/25 and 35/25°C. It is highly tolerant to moisture stress at germination, with 2–7% germination even at −0.48 Mpa. Witchgrass seed lost 47–68% viability after 12 months of burial in the soil, however the seed persisted for more than 4 years if buried at 10 cm in the soil. Witchgrass emergence in southern New South Wales (NSW) commenced in mid spring (early October), with peak emergence of 63–83% in November and then significantly reduced to 16–37% emergence in December. Little emergence (<1%) occurred in the summer months from January to February. These results provide useful information for designing effective management strategies and the optimum timing of control. Climate change could favor the phenological development and the further spread of this weed, which present new challenges for its effective management. Further study is needed to investigate the impact of climate change on the biology, spread, and management of witchgrass. |
topic |
germination biology seed viability temperature seedbank seed burial field emergence |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2021.657785/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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