Effects of cigarette smoke on Haemophilus influenzae-induced otitis media in a rat model
Abstract Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is a factor that could delay or worsen the recovery of otitis media (OM) by causing inflammatory swelling of the Eustachian tube (ET). However, despite the suggested relationship, little is known about the association between OM and CS. Therefore, we aimed t...
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doaj-86b6ee6634224bc9bd01fbe93e81101f2021-10-10T11:27:41ZengNature Publishing GroupScientific Reports2045-23222021-10-011111910.1038/s41598-021-99367-wEffects of cigarette smoke on Haemophilus influenzae-induced otitis media in a rat modelSung-Won Choi0Sunmi Choi1Eun-Jin Kang2Hyun Min Lee3Se-Joon Oh4Il-Woo Lee5Hwan Ho Lee6Soo-Keun Kong7Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University HospitalDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University HospitalDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University HospitalDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan HospitalDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University HospitalDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan HospitalDepartment of Otolaryngology and Kosin University College of Medicine, Kosin University HospitalDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University HospitalAbstract Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is a factor that could delay or worsen the recovery of otitis media (OM) by causing inflammatory swelling of the Eustachian tube (ET). However, despite the suggested relationship, little is known about the association between OM and CS. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of CS on the development, progression, and recovery of OM, as well as the histological and molecular changes caused by CS exposure, by using a rat model of OM infected with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Eighty Sprague–Dawley rats with normal middle ears (MEs) were divided into four groups (n = 20 rats/group): control, CS, OM, and CS + OM. The CS and CS + OM groups were exposed to CS for 2 weeks. The inflammatory reaction to NTHi was more intense and lasted longer in the CS + OM group than in the other groups. Goblet cell proliferation and mucus secretion in the ET were more significant in the CS and CS + OM groups than in the other groups. These findings suggested that because CS directly affects the ET and ME mucosa, bacterial OM can become more severe and may resolve more slowly in the presence of CS exposure rather than in its absence.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99367-w |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sung-Won Choi Sunmi Choi Eun-Jin Kang Hyun Min Lee Se-Joon Oh Il-Woo Lee Hwan Ho Lee Soo-Keun Kong |
spellingShingle |
Sung-Won Choi Sunmi Choi Eun-Jin Kang Hyun Min Lee Se-Joon Oh Il-Woo Lee Hwan Ho Lee Soo-Keun Kong Effects of cigarette smoke on Haemophilus influenzae-induced otitis media in a rat model Scientific Reports |
author_facet |
Sung-Won Choi Sunmi Choi Eun-Jin Kang Hyun Min Lee Se-Joon Oh Il-Woo Lee Hwan Ho Lee Soo-Keun Kong |
author_sort |
Sung-Won Choi |
title |
Effects of cigarette smoke on Haemophilus influenzae-induced otitis media in a rat model |
title_short |
Effects of cigarette smoke on Haemophilus influenzae-induced otitis media in a rat model |
title_full |
Effects of cigarette smoke on Haemophilus influenzae-induced otitis media in a rat model |
title_fullStr |
Effects of cigarette smoke on Haemophilus influenzae-induced otitis media in a rat model |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of cigarette smoke on Haemophilus influenzae-induced otitis media in a rat model |
title_sort |
effects of cigarette smoke on haemophilus influenzae-induced otitis media in a rat model |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
series |
Scientific Reports |
issn |
2045-2322 |
publishDate |
2021-10-01 |
description |
Abstract Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is a factor that could delay or worsen the recovery of otitis media (OM) by causing inflammatory swelling of the Eustachian tube (ET). However, despite the suggested relationship, little is known about the association between OM and CS. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of CS on the development, progression, and recovery of OM, as well as the histological and molecular changes caused by CS exposure, by using a rat model of OM infected with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Eighty Sprague–Dawley rats with normal middle ears (MEs) were divided into four groups (n = 20 rats/group): control, CS, OM, and CS + OM. The CS and CS + OM groups were exposed to CS for 2 weeks. The inflammatory reaction to NTHi was more intense and lasted longer in the CS + OM group than in the other groups. Goblet cell proliferation and mucus secretion in the ET were more significant in the CS and CS + OM groups than in the other groups. These findings suggested that because CS directly affects the ET and ME mucosa, bacterial OM can become more severe and may resolve more slowly in the presence of CS exposure rather than in its absence. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99367-w |
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