Clinical outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A retrospective study
Abstract Background B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (BCLL) in dogs generally is considered an indolent disease, but previous studies indicate a wide range in survival times. Objectives We hypothesized that BCLL has a heterogeneous clinical course, similar to chronic lymphocytic leukemia in human...
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doaj-86f5097ee7f74fe499b2533cce442e7e2021-07-22T08:15:50ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762021-07-013541918192810.1111/jvim.16160Clinical outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A retrospective studyEmily D. Rout0Julia D. Labadie1Janna A. Yoshimoto2Paul R. Avery3Kaitlin M. Curran4Anne C. Avery5Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USADepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USADepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USADepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USADepartment of Clinical Sciences Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USADepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USAAbstract Background B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (BCLL) in dogs generally is considered an indolent disease, but previous studies indicate a wide range in survival times. Objectives We hypothesized that BCLL has a heterogeneous clinical course, similar to chronic lymphocytic leukemia in humans. We aimed to assess presentation and outcome in dogs with BCLL and evaluate the prognostic relevance of clinical and flow cytometric factors. Animals One hundred and twenty‐one dogs with BCLL diagnosed by flow cytometry. Three breed groups were represented: small breed dogs (n = 55) because of increased risk of BCLL; Boxers (n = 33) because of preferential use of unmutated immunoglobulin genes; and other breeds (n = 33). Methods Retrospective study reviewing signalment, clinicopathologic data, physical examination findings, treatment, and survival of dogs with BCLL. Cellular proliferation, determined by the percentage of Ki67‐expressing CD21+ B‐cells by flow cytometry, was measured in 39 of 121 cases. Clinical and laboratory variables were evaluated for association with survival. Results The median survival time (MST) for all cases was 300 days (range, 1‐1644 days). Boxers had significantly shorter survival (MST, 178 days) than non‐Boxers (MST, 423 days; P < .0001), and no significant survival difference was found between small breeds and other non‐Boxer breeds. Cases with high Ki67 (>40% Ki67‐expressing B‐cells) had significantly shorter survival (MST, 173 days) than did cases with <40% Ki67 (MST undetermined; P = .03), regardless of breed. Cases with a high lymphocyte count (>60 000 lymphocytes/μL) or clinical signs at presentation had significantly shorter survival. Conclusions and Clinical Importance B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia had a variable clinical course and Boxer dogs and cases with high Ki67 had more aggressive disease.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16160canineflow cytometryimmunophenotypingKi67lymphocytosislymphoma |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Emily D. Rout Julia D. Labadie Janna A. Yoshimoto Paul R. Avery Kaitlin M. Curran Anne C. Avery |
spellingShingle |
Emily D. Rout Julia D. Labadie Janna A. Yoshimoto Paul R. Avery Kaitlin M. Curran Anne C. Avery Clinical outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A retrospective study Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine canine flow cytometry immunophenotyping Ki67 lymphocytosis lymphoma |
author_facet |
Emily D. Rout Julia D. Labadie Janna A. Yoshimoto Paul R. Avery Kaitlin M. Curran Anne C. Avery |
author_sort |
Emily D. Rout |
title |
Clinical outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A retrospective study |
title_short |
Clinical outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A retrospective study |
title_full |
Clinical outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A retrospective study |
title_fullStr |
Clinical outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A retrospective study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Clinical outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A retrospective study |
title_sort |
clinical outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with b‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a retrospective study |
publisher |
Wiley |
series |
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
issn |
0891-6640 1939-1676 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
Abstract Background B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (BCLL) in dogs generally is considered an indolent disease, but previous studies indicate a wide range in survival times. Objectives We hypothesized that BCLL has a heterogeneous clinical course, similar to chronic lymphocytic leukemia in humans. We aimed to assess presentation and outcome in dogs with BCLL and evaluate the prognostic relevance of clinical and flow cytometric factors. Animals One hundred and twenty‐one dogs with BCLL diagnosed by flow cytometry. Three breed groups were represented: small breed dogs (n = 55) because of increased risk of BCLL; Boxers (n = 33) because of preferential use of unmutated immunoglobulin genes; and other breeds (n = 33). Methods Retrospective study reviewing signalment, clinicopathologic data, physical examination findings, treatment, and survival of dogs with BCLL. Cellular proliferation, determined by the percentage of Ki67‐expressing CD21+ B‐cells by flow cytometry, was measured in 39 of 121 cases. Clinical and laboratory variables were evaluated for association with survival. Results The median survival time (MST) for all cases was 300 days (range, 1‐1644 days). Boxers had significantly shorter survival (MST, 178 days) than non‐Boxers (MST, 423 days; P < .0001), and no significant survival difference was found between small breeds and other non‐Boxer breeds. Cases with high Ki67 (>40% Ki67‐expressing B‐cells) had significantly shorter survival (MST, 173 days) than did cases with <40% Ki67 (MST undetermined; P = .03), regardless of breed. Cases with a high lymphocyte count (>60 000 lymphocytes/μL) or clinical signs at presentation had significantly shorter survival. Conclusions and Clinical Importance B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia had a variable clinical course and Boxer dogs and cases with high Ki67 had more aggressive disease. |
topic |
canine flow cytometry immunophenotyping Ki67 lymphocytosis lymphoma |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16160 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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