Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands
Abstract Background The invasion of the mosquito salivary glands by Plasmodium sporozoites is a critical step that defines the success of malaria transmission and a detailed understanding of the molecules responsible for salivary gland invasion could be leveraged towards control of vector-borne path...
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doaj-86f778f4fc9c4099a700856a80cd99ff2021-01-10T12:58:00ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752021-01-0120111510.1186/s12936-020-03537-6Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glandsBianca B. Kojin0Ines Martin-Martin1Helena R. C. Araújo2Brian Bonilla3Alvaro Molina-Cruz4Eric Calvo5Margareth L. Capurro6Zach N. Adelman7Department of Entomology and Agrilife Research, Texas A&M UniversityLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthDepartamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Mosquitos Geneticamente Modificados, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthDepartamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Mosquitos Geneticamente Modificados, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloDepartment of Entomology and Agrilife Research, Texas A&M UniversityAbstract Background The invasion of the mosquito salivary glands by Plasmodium sporozoites is a critical step that defines the success of malaria transmission and a detailed understanding of the molecules responsible for salivary gland invasion could be leveraged towards control of vector-borne pathogens. Antibodies directed against the mosquito salivary gland protein SGS1 have been shown to reduce Plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoite invasion of Aedes aegypti salivary glands, but the specific role of this protein in sporozoite invasion and in other stages of the Plasmodium life cycle remains unknown. Methods RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9 were used to evaluate the role of A. aegypti SGS1 in the P. gallinaceum life cycle. Results Knockdown and knockout of SGS1 disrupted sporozoite invasion of the salivary gland. Interestingly, mosquitoes lacking SGS1 also displayed fewer oocysts. Proteomic analyses confirmed the abolishment of SGS1 in the salivary gland of SGS1 knockout mosquitoes and revealed that the C-terminus of the protein is absent in the salivary gland of control mosquitoes. In silico analyses indicated that SGS1 contains two potential internal cleavage sites and thus might generate three proteins. Conclusion SGS1 facilitates, but is not essential for, invasion of A. aegypti salivary glands by P. gallinaceum and has a dual role as a facilitator of parasite development in the mosquito midgut. SGS1 could, therefore, be part of a strategy to decrease malaria transmission by the mosquito vector, for example in a transgenic mosquito that blocks its interaction with the parasite.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03537-6Aedes aegyptiPlasmodium gallinaceumMalariaSalivary glandSGS1Sporozoites |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Bianca B. Kojin Ines Martin-Martin Helena R. C. Araújo Brian Bonilla Alvaro Molina-Cruz Eric Calvo Margareth L. Capurro Zach N. Adelman |
spellingShingle |
Bianca B. Kojin Ines Martin-Martin Helena R. C. Araújo Brian Bonilla Alvaro Molina-Cruz Eric Calvo Margareth L. Capurro Zach N. Adelman Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands Malaria Journal Aedes aegypti Plasmodium gallinaceum Malaria Salivary gland SGS1 Sporozoites |
author_facet |
Bianca B. Kojin Ines Martin-Martin Helena R. C. Araújo Brian Bonilla Alvaro Molina-Cruz Eric Calvo Margareth L. Capurro Zach N. Adelman |
author_sort |
Bianca B. Kojin |
title |
Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands |
title_short |
Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands |
title_full |
Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands |
title_fullStr |
Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands |
title_full_unstemmed |
Aedes aegypti SGS1 is critical for Plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands |
title_sort |
aedes aegypti sgs1 is critical for plasmodium gallinaceum infection of both the mosquito midgut and salivary glands |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Malaria Journal |
issn |
1475-2875 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
Abstract Background The invasion of the mosquito salivary glands by Plasmodium sporozoites is a critical step that defines the success of malaria transmission and a detailed understanding of the molecules responsible for salivary gland invasion could be leveraged towards control of vector-borne pathogens. Antibodies directed against the mosquito salivary gland protein SGS1 have been shown to reduce Plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoite invasion of Aedes aegypti salivary glands, but the specific role of this protein in sporozoite invasion and in other stages of the Plasmodium life cycle remains unknown. Methods RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9 were used to evaluate the role of A. aegypti SGS1 in the P. gallinaceum life cycle. Results Knockdown and knockout of SGS1 disrupted sporozoite invasion of the salivary gland. Interestingly, mosquitoes lacking SGS1 also displayed fewer oocysts. Proteomic analyses confirmed the abolishment of SGS1 in the salivary gland of SGS1 knockout mosquitoes and revealed that the C-terminus of the protein is absent in the salivary gland of control mosquitoes. In silico analyses indicated that SGS1 contains two potential internal cleavage sites and thus might generate three proteins. Conclusion SGS1 facilitates, but is not essential for, invasion of A. aegypti salivary glands by P. gallinaceum and has a dual role as a facilitator of parasite development in the mosquito midgut. SGS1 could, therefore, be part of a strategy to decrease malaria transmission by the mosquito vector, for example in a transgenic mosquito that blocks its interaction with the parasite. |
topic |
Aedes aegypti Plasmodium gallinaceum Malaria Salivary gland SGS1 Sporozoites |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03537-6 |
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