Microsatellite Instability and MMR Genes Abnormalities in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors
Early diagnosis of mammary gland tumors is a challenging task in animals, especially in unspayed dogs. Hence, this study investigated the role of microsatellite instability (MSI), MMR gene mRNA transcript levels and SNPs of MMR genes in canine mammary gland tumors (CMT). A total of 77 microsatellite...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-02-01
|
Series: | Diagnostics |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/2/104 |
id |
doaj-87b6051904714425a62e120a02ee3923 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-87b6051904714425a62e120a02ee39232020-11-24T21:45:05ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182020-02-0110210410.3390/diagnostics10020104diagnostics10020104Microsatellite Instability and MMR Genes Abnormalities in Canine Mammary Gland TumorsFaiz Muhammad Khand0Da-Wei Yao1Pan Hao2Xin-Qi Wu3Asghar Ali Kamboh4De-Ji Yang5College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, ChinaEarly diagnosis of mammary gland tumors is a challenging task in animals, especially in unspayed dogs. Hence, this study investigated the role of microsatellite instability (MSI), MMR gene mRNA transcript levels and SNPs of MMR genes in canine mammary gland tumors (CMT). A total of 77 microsatellite (MS) markers in 23 primary CMT were selected from four breeds of dogs. The results revealed that 11 out of 77 MS markers were unstable and showed MSI in all the tumors (at least at one locus), while the other markers were stable. Compared to the other markers, the ABC9TETRA, MEPIA, 9A5, SCNA11 and FJL25 markers showed higher frequencies of instability. All CMT demonstrated MSI, with eight tumors presenting MSI-H. The RT-qPCR results revealed significant upregulation of the mRNA levels of <i>cMSH3</i>, <i>cMLH1</i>, and <i>cPMSI</i>, but downregulation of <i>cMSH2</i> compared to the levels in the control group. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed in the <i>cMSH2</i> gene in four exons, i.e., 2, 6, 15, and 16. In conclusion, MSI, overexpression of MMR genes and SNPs in the MMR gene are associated with CMT and could be served as diagnostic biomarkers for CMT in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/2/104canine mammary gland tumorsmicrosatellite instabilitypolymorphismmmr system |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Faiz Muhammad Khand Da-Wei Yao Pan Hao Xin-Qi Wu Asghar Ali Kamboh De-Ji Yang |
spellingShingle |
Faiz Muhammad Khand Da-Wei Yao Pan Hao Xin-Qi Wu Asghar Ali Kamboh De-Ji Yang Microsatellite Instability and MMR Genes Abnormalities in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors Diagnostics canine mammary gland tumors microsatellite instability polymorphism mmr system |
author_facet |
Faiz Muhammad Khand Da-Wei Yao Pan Hao Xin-Qi Wu Asghar Ali Kamboh De-Ji Yang |
author_sort |
Faiz Muhammad Khand |
title |
Microsatellite Instability and MMR Genes Abnormalities in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors |
title_short |
Microsatellite Instability and MMR Genes Abnormalities in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors |
title_full |
Microsatellite Instability and MMR Genes Abnormalities in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors |
title_fullStr |
Microsatellite Instability and MMR Genes Abnormalities in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microsatellite Instability and MMR Genes Abnormalities in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors |
title_sort |
microsatellite instability and mmr genes abnormalities in canine mammary gland tumors |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Diagnostics |
issn |
2075-4418 |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
description |
Early diagnosis of mammary gland tumors is a challenging task in animals, especially in unspayed dogs. Hence, this study investigated the role of microsatellite instability (MSI), MMR gene mRNA transcript levels and SNPs of MMR genes in canine mammary gland tumors (CMT). A total of 77 microsatellite (MS) markers in 23 primary CMT were selected from four breeds of dogs. The results revealed that 11 out of 77 MS markers were unstable and showed MSI in all the tumors (at least at one locus), while the other markers were stable. Compared to the other markers, the ABC9TETRA, MEPIA, 9A5, SCNA11 and FJL25 markers showed higher frequencies of instability. All CMT demonstrated MSI, with eight tumors presenting MSI-H. The RT-qPCR results revealed significant upregulation of the mRNA levels of <i>cMSH3</i>, <i>cMLH1</i>, and <i>cPMSI</i>, but downregulation of <i>cMSH2</i> compared to the levels in the control group. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed in the <i>cMSH2</i> gene in four exons, i.e., 2, 6, 15, and 16. In conclusion, MSI, overexpression of MMR genes and SNPs in the MMR gene are associated with CMT and could be served as diagnostic biomarkers for CMT in the future. |
topic |
canine mammary gland tumors microsatellite instability polymorphism mmr system |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/2/104 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT faizmuhammadkhand microsatelliteinstabilityandmmrgenesabnormalitiesincaninemammaryglandtumors AT daweiyao microsatelliteinstabilityandmmrgenesabnormalitiesincaninemammaryglandtumors AT panhao microsatelliteinstabilityandmmrgenesabnormalitiesincaninemammaryglandtumors AT xinqiwu microsatelliteinstabilityandmmrgenesabnormalitiesincaninemammaryglandtumors AT asgharalikamboh microsatelliteinstabilityandmmrgenesabnormalitiesincaninemammaryglandtumors AT dejiyang microsatelliteinstabilityandmmrgenesabnormalitiesincaninemammaryglandtumors |
_version_ |
1725906745028509696 |