Net protein balance correlates with expression of autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fat metabolism‐related genes in skeletal muscle from older adults
Abstract The mechanisms leading to sarcopenia, the main cause for frailty in older adults, are still unclear. Autophagy and the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) may play a role in mediating muscle protein breakdown related to sarcopenia. In addition to loss of muscle mass, compromised muscle perfor...
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doaj-87ce13e194f54d81be5335170f6107ef2020-11-25T04:06:05ZengWileyPhysiological Reports2051-817X2020-10-01819n/an/a10.14814/phy2.14575Net protein balance correlates with expression of autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fat metabolism‐related genes in skeletal muscle from older adultsHexirui Wu0Jiwoong Jang1Sami Dridi2Arny A. Ferrando3Robert R. Wolfe4Il‐Young Kim5Jamie I. Baum6Center for Human Nutrition Department of Food Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USAKorea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute College of Medicine, Gachon University Incheon Republic of KoreaCenter of Excellence for Poultry Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USADepartment of Geriatrics Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USADepartment of Geriatrics Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USAKorea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute College of Medicine, Gachon University Incheon Republic of KoreaCenter for Human Nutrition Department of Food Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USAAbstract The mechanisms leading to sarcopenia, the main cause for frailty in older adults, are still unclear. Autophagy and the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) may play a role in mediating muscle protein breakdown related to sarcopenia. In addition to loss of muscle mass, compromised muscle performance observed in sarcopenic patients has been linked to muscle mitochondria dysfunction. Increased fat deposition and fat cell infiltration in muscle frequently seen in skeletal muscle of older adults may play an additional role for the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Therefore, the first objective of this study was to understand differences in expression of genes related to autophagy, UPS, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fat metabolism in skeletal muscle of older adults compared with young adults. Our second objective was to determine the correlation between whole body protein kinetics (WBPK) and gene expression with age. Real‐time quantitative PCR was used to determine the relative expression of targeted genes, and hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine if age had a moderating effect on the correlation between expression of targeted genes and WBPK. Increases in the expression of autophagy‐related genes and fat metabolism‐related genes were observed in muscle of older adults compared with young adults. In addition, age enhanced the negative correlations between mitochondrial biogenesis genes and net protein balance. These results suggest that dysregulated gene expression of mitochondrial biogenesis could play a role in muscle loss in older adults.https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14575autophagymuscleprotein breakdownprotein synthesissarcopenia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hexirui Wu Jiwoong Jang Sami Dridi Arny A. Ferrando Robert R. Wolfe Il‐Young Kim Jamie I. Baum |
spellingShingle |
Hexirui Wu Jiwoong Jang Sami Dridi Arny A. Ferrando Robert R. Wolfe Il‐Young Kim Jamie I. Baum Net protein balance correlates with expression of autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fat metabolism‐related genes in skeletal muscle from older adults Physiological Reports autophagy muscle protein breakdown protein synthesis sarcopenia |
author_facet |
Hexirui Wu Jiwoong Jang Sami Dridi Arny A. Ferrando Robert R. Wolfe Il‐Young Kim Jamie I. Baum |
author_sort |
Hexirui Wu |
title |
Net protein balance correlates with expression of autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fat metabolism‐related genes in skeletal muscle from older adults |
title_short |
Net protein balance correlates with expression of autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fat metabolism‐related genes in skeletal muscle from older adults |
title_full |
Net protein balance correlates with expression of autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fat metabolism‐related genes in skeletal muscle from older adults |
title_fullStr |
Net protein balance correlates with expression of autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fat metabolism‐related genes in skeletal muscle from older adults |
title_full_unstemmed |
Net protein balance correlates with expression of autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fat metabolism‐related genes in skeletal muscle from older adults |
title_sort |
net protein balance correlates with expression of autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fat metabolism‐related genes in skeletal muscle from older adults |
publisher |
Wiley |
series |
Physiological Reports |
issn |
2051-817X |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Abstract The mechanisms leading to sarcopenia, the main cause for frailty in older adults, are still unclear. Autophagy and the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) may play a role in mediating muscle protein breakdown related to sarcopenia. In addition to loss of muscle mass, compromised muscle performance observed in sarcopenic patients has been linked to muscle mitochondria dysfunction. Increased fat deposition and fat cell infiltration in muscle frequently seen in skeletal muscle of older adults may play an additional role for the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Therefore, the first objective of this study was to understand differences in expression of genes related to autophagy, UPS, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fat metabolism in skeletal muscle of older adults compared with young adults. Our second objective was to determine the correlation between whole body protein kinetics (WBPK) and gene expression with age. Real‐time quantitative PCR was used to determine the relative expression of targeted genes, and hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine if age had a moderating effect on the correlation between expression of targeted genes and WBPK. Increases in the expression of autophagy‐related genes and fat metabolism‐related genes were observed in muscle of older adults compared with young adults. In addition, age enhanced the negative correlations between mitochondrial biogenesis genes and net protein balance. These results suggest that dysregulated gene expression of mitochondrial biogenesis could play a role in muscle loss in older adults. |
topic |
autophagy muscle protein breakdown protein synthesis sarcopenia |
url |
https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14575 |
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