Laxative Effects of Total Diterpenoids Extracted from the Roots of Euphorbia pekinensis Are Attributable to Alterations of Aquaporins in the Colon
This study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of total diterpenoids extracted from the roots of Euphorbia pekinensis (TDEP) on the mouse colon and to clarify the mechanism. Dried powdered roots of E. pekinensis were extracted with chloroform, and then the extract (6.7 g) was subjected to col...
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doaj-8867f0ea5612406aa2bad097cba6f1832020-11-24T23:17:16ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492017-03-0122346510.3390/molecules22030465molecules22030465Laxative Effects of Total Diterpenoids Extracted from the Roots of Euphorbia pekinensis Are Attributable to Alterations of Aquaporins in the ColonKuilong Wang0Lian Liu1Jianyu Huang2Hongli Yu3Hao Wu4Yu Duan5Xiaobing Cui6Xingde Zhang7Liping Liu8Wei Wang9School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, ChinaThis study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of total diterpenoids extracted from the roots of Euphorbia pekinensis (TDEP) on the mouse colon and to clarify the mechanism. Dried powdered roots of E. pekinensis were extracted with chloroform, and then the extract (6.7 g) was subjected to column chromatography and preparative TLC, giving TDEP. Using the HPLC-DAD method, the purity of TDEP was determined as 85.26%. Mice were orally administered with TDEP (3.942, 19.71 and 39.42 mg/kg), after which fecal water content and colon water content were examined. Both of them increased over time after TDEP administration, accompanied by severe diarrhea. Three hours after TDEP administration, the animals were sacrificed to obtain their colons. The mRNA and protein expression levels of aquaporin 1 (AQP1), AQP3 and AQP4 in the colon were measured using real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. TDEP significantly increased the levels of AQP3 and AQP4, but decreased that of AQP1 in dose-dependent manners. Similarly, Pekinenin C, a casbane diterpenoid, significantly increased AQP3 protein and mRNA expressions in human intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29). Histopathological examination revealed that the colon was not significantly damaged. The laxative effects of E. pekinensis were associated with the alterations of AQPs in the colon by TDEP.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/3/465Euphorbia pekinensisditerpenoidsaquaporinslaxative effects |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kuilong Wang Lian Liu Jianyu Huang Hongli Yu Hao Wu Yu Duan Xiaobing Cui Xingde Zhang Liping Liu Wei Wang |
spellingShingle |
Kuilong Wang Lian Liu Jianyu Huang Hongli Yu Hao Wu Yu Duan Xiaobing Cui Xingde Zhang Liping Liu Wei Wang Laxative Effects of Total Diterpenoids Extracted from the Roots of Euphorbia pekinensis Are Attributable to Alterations of Aquaporins in the Colon Molecules Euphorbia pekinensis diterpenoids aquaporins laxative effects |
author_facet |
Kuilong Wang Lian Liu Jianyu Huang Hongli Yu Hao Wu Yu Duan Xiaobing Cui Xingde Zhang Liping Liu Wei Wang |
author_sort |
Kuilong Wang |
title |
Laxative Effects of Total Diterpenoids Extracted from the Roots of Euphorbia pekinensis Are Attributable to Alterations of Aquaporins in the Colon |
title_short |
Laxative Effects of Total Diterpenoids Extracted from the Roots of Euphorbia pekinensis Are Attributable to Alterations of Aquaporins in the Colon |
title_full |
Laxative Effects of Total Diterpenoids Extracted from the Roots of Euphorbia pekinensis Are Attributable to Alterations of Aquaporins in the Colon |
title_fullStr |
Laxative Effects of Total Diterpenoids Extracted from the Roots of Euphorbia pekinensis Are Attributable to Alterations of Aquaporins in the Colon |
title_full_unstemmed |
Laxative Effects of Total Diterpenoids Extracted from the Roots of Euphorbia pekinensis Are Attributable to Alterations of Aquaporins in the Colon |
title_sort |
laxative effects of total diterpenoids extracted from the roots of euphorbia pekinensis are attributable to alterations of aquaporins in the colon |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2017-03-01 |
description |
This study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of total diterpenoids extracted from the roots of Euphorbia pekinensis (TDEP) on the mouse colon and to clarify the mechanism. Dried powdered roots of E. pekinensis were extracted with chloroform, and then the extract (6.7 g) was subjected to column chromatography and preparative TLC, giving TDEP. Using the HPLC-DAD method, the purity of TDEP was determined as 85.26%. Mice were orally administered with TDEP (3.942, 19.71 and 39.42 mg/kg), after which fecal water content and colon water content were examined. Both of them increased over time after TDEP administration, accompanied by severe diarrhea. Three hours after TDEP administration, the animals were sacrificed to obtain their colons. The mRNA and protein expression levels of aquaporin 1 (AQP1), AQP3 and AQP4 in the colon were measured using real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. TDEP significantly increased the levels of AQP3 and AQP4, but decreased that of AQP1 in dose-dependent manners. Similarly, Pekinenin C, a casbane diterpenoid, significantly increased AQP3 protein and mRNA expressions in human intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29). Histopathological examination revealed that the colon was not significantly damaged. The laxative effects of E. pekinensis were associated with the alterations of AQPs in the colon by TDEP. |
topic |
Euphorbia pekinensis diterpenoids aquaporins laxative effects |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/3/465 |
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