Extracts from Microalga <em>Chlorella sorokiniana</em> Exert an Anti-Proliferative Effect and Modulate Cytokines in Sheep Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of the unsaponified fraction (UP), the acetylated unsaponified fraction (AUP), and the total lipid fraction (TL) extracted and purified from <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> (CS) on the proliferation and cytokine profile of sheep peri...
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doaj-88c79aa2ee3240aa8f5600b7ca22af3d2020-11-24T20:51:29ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152019-01-01924510.3390/ani9020045ani9020045Extracts from Microalga <em>Chlorella sorokiniana</em> Exert an Anti-Proliferative Effect and Modulate Cytokines in Sheep Peripheral Blood Mononuclear CellsMaria Giovanna Ciliberti0Marzia Albenzio1Matteo Francavilla2Gianluca Neglia3Luigi Esposito4Mariangela Caroprese5Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71121 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71121 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71121 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University, V. F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University, V. F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, ItalyDepartment of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71121 Foggia, ItalyThe objective of this experiment was to study the effects of the unsaponified fraction (UP), the acetylated unsaponified fraction (AUP), and the total lipid fraction (TL) extracted and purified from <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> (CS) on the proliferation and cytokine profile of sheep peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Cells were cultured with 0.4 mg/mL and 0.8 mg/mL concentrations of each extract (UP, AUP, and TL fractions) and activated with 5 μg/mL concanavalin A (ConA) and 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 37 °C for 24 h. PBMCs cultured with ConA and LPS represented the stimulated cells (SC), and PBMCs without ConA and LPS represented the unstimulated cells (USC). Cell-free supernatants were collected to determine IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-6 secretions; on cells, measurement of proliferation was performed. All the extracts tested significantly decreased the cell proliferation; in particular, the UP fraction at 0.4 mg/mL showed the lowest proliferative response. Furthermore, at 0.8 mg/mL, the UP fraction enhanced IL-10 secretion. On the contrary, the TL fraction at 0.4 mg/mL induced an increase in IL-10, IL-6, and, to a lesser extent, IL-1β secretions by cells. The AUP fraction did not change cytokine secretion. The results demonstrated that CS extracts could be useful ingredients in animal feed in order to minimize the use of antibiotics by modulating cell proliferation and cytokine response.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/2/45cytokinesheepmicroalgaproliferationphytosterol |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Maria Giovanna Ciliberti Marzia Albenzio Matteo Francavilla Gianluca Neglia Luigi Esposito Mariangela Caroprese |
spellingShingle |
Maria Giovanna Ciliberti Marzia Albenzio Matteo Francavilla Gianluca Neglia Luigi Esposito Mariangela Caroprese Extracts from Microalga <em>Chlorella sorokiniana</em> Exert an Anti-Proliferative Effect and Modulate Cytokines in Sheep Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Animals cytokine sheep microalga proliferation phytosterol |
author_facet |
Maria Giovanna Ciliberti Marzia Albenzio Matteo Francavilla Gianluca Neglia Luigi Esposito Mariangela Caroprese |
author_sort |
Maria Giovanna Ciliberti |
title |
Extracts from Microalga <em>Chlorella sorokiniana</em> Exert an Anti-Proliferative Effect and Modulate Cytokines in Sheep Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |
title_short |
Extracts from Microalga <em>Chlorella sorokiniana</em> Exert an Anti-Proliferative Effect and Modulate Cytokines in Sheep Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |
title_full |
Extracts from Microalga <em>Chlorella sorokiniana</em> Exert an Anti-Proliferative Effect and Modulate Cytokines in Sheep Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |
title_fullStr |
Extracts from Microalga <em>Chlorella sorokiniana</em> Exert an Anti-Proliferative Effect and Modulate Cytokines in Sheep Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extracts from Microalga <em>Chlorella sorokiniana</em> Exert an Anti-Proliferative Effect and Modulate Cytokines in Sheep Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |
title_sort |
extracts from microalga <em>chlorella sorokiniana</em> exert an anti-proliferative effect and modulate cytokines in sheep peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Animals |
issn |
2076-2615 |
publishDate |
2019-01-01 |
description |
The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of the unsaponified fraction (UP), the acetylated unsaponified fraction (AUP), and the total lipid fraction (TL) extracted and purified from <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> (CS) on the proliferation and cytokine profile of sheep peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Cells were cultured with 0.4 mg/mL and 0.8 mg/mL concentrations of each extract (UP, AUP, and TL fractions) and activated with 5 μg/mL concanavalin A (ConA) and 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 37 °C for 24 h. PBMCs cultured with ConA and LPS represented the stimulated cells (SC), and PBMCs without ConA and LPS represented the unstimulated cells (USC). Cell-free supernatants were collected to determine IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-6 secretions; on cells, measurement of proliferation was performed. All the extracts tested significantly decreased the cell proliferation; in particular, the UP fraction at 0.4 mg/mL showed the lowest proliferative response. Furthermore, at 0.8 mg/mL, the UP fraction enhanced IL-10 secretion. On the contrary, the TL fraction at 0.4 mg/mL induced an increase in IL-10, IL-6, and, to a lesser extent, IL-1β secretions by cells. The AUP fraction did not change cytokine secretion. The results demonstrated that CS extracts could be useful ingredients in animal feed in order to minimize the use of antibiotics by modulating cell proliferation and cytokine response. |
topic |
cytokine sheep microalga proliferation phytosterol |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/2/45 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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