Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Gout: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Aims. Although several epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk of gout, the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we systematically retrospected available observational studies to clarify the impact of DM on the risk of gout. Methods. Emb...

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Main Authors: Xiaoli Li, Lianju Li, Yuling Xing, Tiantian Cheng, Shaohui Ren, Huijuan Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Hindawi Limited 2020-01-01
Series:Journal of Diabetes Research
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5470739
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spelling doaj-891fb2e6d9524be88ec3c817edcc7e992020-11-25T03:45:22ZengHindawi LimitedJournal of Diabetes Research2314-67452314-67532020-01-01202010.1155/2020/54707395470739Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Gout: A Meta-Analysis of Observational StudiesXiaoli Li0Lianju Li1Yuling Xing2Tiantian Cheng3Shaohui Ren4Huijuan Ma5Department of Rheumatology, Xingtai People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Xingtai 054001, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Xingtai People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Xingtai 054001, ChinaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, ChinaDepartment of Medicine, Xingtai People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Xingtai 054001, ChinaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, ChinaAims. Although several epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk of gout, the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we systematically retrospected available observational studies to clarify the impact of DM on the risk of gout. Methods. Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for relevant articles from inception to 2 March 2020. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The multivariate adjusted relative risks (aRR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled based on a random-effect model. Cochran’s Q test and I2 were used to evaluate heterogeneity. Results. Five studies involving 863,755 participants were included in our meta-analysis. DM was associated with a lower risk of gout (aRR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.59 to 0.73) but had a high heterogeneity (I2=89.2%). Metaregression analysis revealed that the types of DM were the source of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis by types of DM showed that the risk of gout was significantly lower in type 1 DM (T1DM) (aRR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.63) than in type 2 DM (T2DM) (aRR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.70 to 0.74). Furthermore, when stratified according to gender in DM, sex-specific association was found. The inverse association was observed in males only (aRR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.77) and not in females (aRR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.05). Further stratified based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in DM, raised A1C levels were associated with a reduced risk of gout in patients with DM. Conclusions. This meta-analysis indicated that DM was related to a lower risk of gout, and the protective effect of DM on the risk of gout was stronger in males, T1DM, or DM with high HbA1c levels. However, more prospective cohort studies are required to confirm these results.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5470739
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Xiaoli Li
Lianju Li
Yuling Xing
Tiantian Cheng
Shaohui Ren
Huijuan Ma
spellingShingle Xiaoli Li
Lianju Li
Yuling Xing
Tiantian Cheng
Shaohui Ren
Huijuan Ma
Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Gout: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Journal of Diabetes Research
author_facet Xiaoli Li
Lianju Li
Yuling Xing
Tiantian Cheng
Shaohui Ren
Huijuan Ma
author_sort Xiaoli Li
title Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Gout: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
title_short Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Gout: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
title_full Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Gout: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
title_fullStr Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Gout: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
title_full_unstemmed Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Gout: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
title_sort diabetes mellitus is associated with a lower risk of gout: a meta-analysis of observational studies
publisher Hindawi Limited
series Journal of Diabetes Research
issn 2314-6745
2314-6753
publishDate 2020-01-01
description Aims. Although several epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk of gout, the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we systematically retrospected available observational studies to clarify the impact of DM on the risk of gout. Methods. Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for relevant articles from inception to 2 March 2020. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The multivariate adjusted relative risks (aRR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled based on a random-effect model. Cochran’s Q test and I2 were used to evaluate heterogeneity. Results. Five studies involving 863,755 participants were included in our meta-analysis. DM was associated with a lower risk of gout (aRR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.59 to 0.73) but had a high heterogeneity (I2=89.2%). Metaregression analysis revealed that the types of DM were the source of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis by types of DM showed that the risk of gout was significantly lower in type 1 DM (T1DM) (aRR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.63) than in type 2 DM (T2DM) (aRR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.70 to 0.74). Furthermore, when stratified according to gender in DM, sex-specific association was found. The inverse association was observed in males only (aRR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.77) and not in females (aRR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.05). Further stratified based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in DM, raised A1C levels were associated with a reduced risk of gout in patients with DM. Conclusions. This meta-analysis indicated that DM was related to a lower risk of gout, and the protective effect of DM on the risk of gout was stronger in males, T1DM, or DM with high HbA1c levels. However, more prospective cohort studies are required to confirm these results.
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5470739
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