Integrated Effects of Co-Inoculation with Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and N<sub>2</sub>-Fixing Bacteria on Microbial Population and Soil Amendment Under C Deficiency
The inoculation of beneficial microorganisms to improve plant growth and soil properties is a promising strategy in the soil amendment. However, the effects of co-inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and N<sub>2</sub>-fixing bacteria (NFB) on the soil properties of typi...
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doaj-8a2a07eba40c4f6f93cce36cc84330052020-11-25T00:29:17ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012019-07-011613244210.3390/ijerph16132442ijerph16132442Integrated Effects of Co-Inoculation with Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and N<sub>2</sub>-Fixing Bacteria on Microbial Population and Soil Amendment Under C DeficiencyZhikang Wang0Ziyun Chen1Xiangxiang Fu2Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaThe inoculation of beneficial microorganisms to improve plant growth and soil properties is a promising strategy in the soil amendment. However, the effects of co-inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and N<sub>2</sub>-fixing bacteria (NFB) on the soil properties of typical C-deficient soil remain unclear. Based on a controlled experiment and a pot experiment, we examined the effects of PSB (M: <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> and F: <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>), NFB (C: <i>Azotobacter chroococcum</i> and B: <i>Azospirillum brasilence</i>), and combined PSB and NFB treatments on C, N, P availability, and enzyme activities in sterilized soil, as well as the growth of <i>Cyclocarya Paliurus</i> seedlings grow in unsterilized soil. During a 60-day culture, prominent increases in soil inorganic N and available P contents were detected after bacteria additions. Three patterns were observed for different additions according to the dynamic bacterial growth. Synergistic effects between NFB and PSB were obvious, co-inoculations with NFB enhanced the accumulation of available P. However, decreases in soil available P and N were observed on the 60th day, which was induced by the decreases in bacterial quantities under C deficiency. Besides, co-inoculations with PSB and NFB resulted in greater performance in plant growth promotion. Aimed at amending soil with a C supply shortage, combined PSB and NFB treatments are more appropriate for practical fertilization at intervals of 30−45 days. The results demonstrate that co-inoculations could have synergistic interactions during culture and application, which may help with understanding the possible mechanism of soil amendment driven by microorganisms under C deficiency, thereby providing an alternative option for amending such soil.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/13/2442phosphate-solubilizing bacteriaN<sub>2</sub>-fixing bacteriasoil amendmentC deficiency |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Zhikang Wang Ziyun Chen Xiangxiang Fu |
spellingShingle |
Zhikang Wang Ziyun Chen Xiangxiang Fu Integrated Effects of Co-Inoculation with Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and N<sub>2</sub>-Fixing Bacteria on Microbial Population and Soil Amendment Under C Deficiency International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health phosphate-solubilizing bacteria N<sub>2</sub>-fixing bacteria soil amendment C deficiency |
author_facet |
Zhikang Wang Ziyun Chen Xiangxiang Fu |
author_sort |
Zhikang Wang |
title |
Integrated Effects of Co-Inoculation with Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and N<sub>2</sub>-Fixing Bacteria on Microbial Population and Soil Amendment Under C Deficiency |
title_short |
Integrated Effects of Co-Inoculation with Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and N<sub>2</sub>-Fixing Bacteria on Microbial Population and Soil Amendment Under C Deficiency |
title_full |
Integrated Effects of Co-Inoculation with Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and N<sub>2</sub>-Fixing Bacteria on Microbial Population and Soil Amendment Under C Deficiency |
title_fullStr |
Integrated Effects of Co-Inoculation with Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and N<sub>2</sub>-Fixing Bacteria on Microbial Population and Soil Amendment Under C Deficiency |
title_full_unstemmed |
Integrated Effects of Co-Inoculation with Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and N<sub>2</sub>-Fixing Bacteria on Microbial Population and Soil Amendment Under C Deficiency |
title_sort |
integrated effects of co-inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and n<sub>2</sub>-fixing bacteria on microbial population and soil amendment under c deficiency |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2019-07-01 |
description |
The inoculation of beneficial microorganisms to improve plant growth and soil properties is a promising strategy in the soil amendment. However, the effects of co-inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and N<sub>2</sub>-fixing bacteria (NFB) on the soil properties of typical C-deficient soil remain unclear. Based on a controlled experiment and a pot experiment, we examined the effects of PSB (M: <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> and F: <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>), NFB (C: <i>Azotobacter chroococcum</i> and B: <i>Azospirillum brasilence</i>), and combined PSB and NFB treatments on C, N, P availability, and enzyme activities in sterilized soil, as well as the growth of <i>Cyclocarya Paliurus</i> seedlings grow in unsterilized soil. During a 60-day culture, prominent increases in soil inorganic N and available P contents were detected after bacteria additions. Three patterns were observed for different additions according to the dynamic bacterial growth. Synergistic effects between NFB and PSB were obvious, co-inoculations with NFB enhanced the accumulation of available P. However, decreases in soil available P and N were observed on the 60th day, which was induced by the decreases in bacterial quantities under C deficiency. Besides, co-inoculations with PSB and NFB resulted in greater performance in plant growth promotion. Aimed at amending soil with a C supply shortage, combined PSB and NFB treatments are more appropriate for practical fertilization at intervals of 30−45 days. The results demonstrate that co-inoculations could have synergistic interactions during culture and application, which may help with understanding the possible mechanism of soil amendment driven by microorganisms under C deficiency, thereby providing an alternative option for amending such soil. |
topic |
phosphate-solubilizing bacteria N<sub>2</sub>-fixing bacteria soil amendment C deficiency |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/13/2442 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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