Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments, and Aquatic Macrophytes: A Case Study of the Junction of Four Rivers in Linyi City, China
The Yi River, the second longest river in Shandong Province, China, flows through Linyi City and is fed by three tributary rivers, Beng River, Liuqing River, and Su River in the northeastern part of the city. In this study, we determined the concentrations of five heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and P...
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doaj-8aa102529ce74daa8fb8236962637b4d2020-11-25T01:56:32ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012019-08-011616286110.3390/ijerph16162861ijerph16162861Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments, and Aquatic Macrophytes: A Case Study of the Junction of Four Rivers in Linyi City, ChinaXiuling Li0Henglun Shen1Yongjun Zhao2Weixing Cao3Changwei Hu4Chen Sun5College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, ChinaCollege of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ChinaCollege of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ChinaCollege of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ChinaCollege of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ChinaThe Yi River, the second longest river in Shandong Province, China, flows through Linyi City and is fed by three tributary rivers, Beng River, Liuqing River, and Su River in the northeastern part of the city. In this study, we determined the concentrations of five heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in water, sediment, and aquatic macrophyte samples collected from the junction of the four rivers and evaluated the potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution. Most of the heavy metals in water were in low concentrations with the water quality index (WQI) below 1, suggesting low metal pollution. The sediments showed low heavy metal concentrations, suggesting a low ecological risk based on the potential ecological risk index (RI) and the geo-accumulation index (<i>I<sub>geo</sub></i>). The aquatic plant species <i>Potamogeton crispus</i> accumulated considerable amounts of heavy metals, which were closely related to the metal concentrations of the sediment. The plant species <i>Salvinia natans</i> also showed an excellent metal accumulation capability. Based on our results, the junction of the four rivers is only slightly polluted in terms of heavy metals, and the plant species <i>P. crispus</i> is a suitable bioindicator for sediment heavy metal pollution.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/16/2861heavy metalsedimentriverrisk assessmentbioaccumulationbioindicator |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Xiuling Li Henglun Shen Yongjun Zhao Weixing Cao Changwei Hu Chen Sun |
spellingShingle |
Xiuling Li Henglun Shen Yongjun Zhao Weixing Cao Changwei Hu Chen Sun Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments, and Aquatic Macrophytes: A Case Study of the Junction of Four Rivers in Linyi City, China International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health heavy metal sediment river risk assessment bioaccumulation bioindicator |
author_facet |
Xiuling Li Henglun Shen Yongjun Zhao Weixing Cao Changwei Hu Chen Sun |
author_sort |
Xiuling Li |
title |
Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments, and Aquatic Macrophytes: A Case Study of the Junction of Four Rivers in Linyi City, China |
title_short |
Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments, and Aquatic Macrophytes: A Case Study of the Junction of Four Rivers in Linyi City, China |
title_full |
Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments, and Aquatic Macrophytes: A Case Study of the Junction of Four Rivers in Linyi City, China |
title_fullStr |
Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments, and Aquatic Macrophytes: A Case Study of the Junction of Four Rivers in Linyi City, China |
title_full_unstemmed |
Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments, and Aquatic Macrophytes: A Case Study of the Junction of Four Rivers in Linyi City, China |
title_sort |
distribution and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in water, sediments, and aquatic macrophytes: a case study of the junction of four rivers in linyi city, china |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2019-08-01 |
description |
The Yi River, the second longest river in Shandong Province, China, flows through Linyi City and is fed by three tributary rivers, Beng River, Liuqing River, and Su River in the northeastern part of the city. In this study, we determined the concentrations of five heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in water, sediment, and aquatic macrophyte samples collected from the junction of the four rivers and evaluated the potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution. Most of the heavy metals in water were in low concentrations with the water quality index (WQI) below 1, suggesting low metal pollution. The sediments showed low heavy metal concentrations, suggesting a low ecological risk based on the potential ecological risk index (RI) and the geo-accumulation index (<i>I<sub>geo</sub></i>). The aquatic plant species <i>Potamogeton crispus</i> accumulated considerable amounts of heavy metals, which were closely related to the metal concentrations of the sediment. The plant species <i>Salvinia natans</i> also showed an excellent metal accumulation capability. Based on our results, the junction of the four rivers is only slightly polluted in terms of heavy metals, and the plant species <i>P. crispus</i> is a suitable bioindicator for sediment heavy metal pollution. |
topic |
heavy metal sediment river risk assessment bioaccumulation bioindicator |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/16/2861 |
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