Thermal limits for flight activity of field-collected Culicoides in the United Kingdom defined under laboratory conditions
Abstract Background Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are biological vectors of internationally important arboviruses and inflict biting nuisance on humans, companion animals and livestock. In temperate regions, transmission of arboviruses is limited by temperature thresholds, in b...
Main Authors: | Laura A. Tugwell, Marion E. England, Simon Gubbins, Christopher J. Sanders, Jessica E. Stokes, Joanne Stoner, Simon P. Graham, Alison Blackwell, Karin E. Darpel, Simon Carpenter |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2021-01-01
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Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04552-x |
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