A Model to Assess Eastern Cottonwood Water Flow Using Adjusted Vapor Pressure Deficit Associated with a Climate Change Impact Application
Short-rotation woody crops have maintained global prominence as biomass feedstocks for bioenergy, in part due to their fast growth and coppicing ability. However, the water usage efficiency of some woody biomass crops suggests potential adverse hydrological impacts. Monitoring tree water use in larg...
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doaj-8ade7f1e2f8f407cb12f4d4456171ee02021-01-24T00:03:00ZengMDPI AGClimate2225-11542021-01-019222210.3390/cli9020022A Model to Assess Eastern Cottonwood Water Flow Using Adjusted Vapor Pressure Deficit Associated with a Climate Change Impact ApplicationYing Ouyang0Theodor D. Leininger1Heidi Renninger2Emile S. Gardiner3Lisa Samuelson4USDA Forest Service, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, 775 Stone Blvd., Thompson Hall, Room 309, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USAUSDA Forest Service, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, 432 Stoneville Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USADepartment of Forestry, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USAUSDA Forest Service, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, 432 Stoneville Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USASchool of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, AL 36849, USAShort-rotation woody crops have maintained global prominence as biomass feedstocks for bioenergy, in part due to their fast growth and coppicing ability. However, the water usage efficiency of some woody biomass crops suggests potential adverse hydrological impacts. Monitoring tree water use in large-scale plantations would be very time-consuming and cost-prohibitive because it would typically require the installation and maintenance of sap flux sensors and dataloggers or other instruments. We developed a model to estimate the sap flux of eastern cottonwood (<i>Populus deltoides</i>. Bartr. ex Marsh.)) grown in bioenergy plantations. This model is based on adjusted vapor pressure deficit (VPD) using Structural Thinking and Experiential Learning Laboratory with Animation (STELLA) software (Architect Version 1.8.2), and is validated using the sap flux data collected from a 4-year-old eastern cottonwood biomass production plantation. With R<sup>2</sup> values greater than 0.79 and Nash Sutcliffe coefficients greater than 0.69 and <i>p</i> values < 0.001, a strong agreement was obtained between measured and predicted diurnal sap flux patterns and annual sap flux cycles. We further validated the model using eastern cottonwood sap flux data from Aiken, South Carolina, USA with a good agreement between method predictions and field measurements. The model was able to predict a typical diurnal pattern, with sap flux density increasing during the day and decreasing at night for a 5-year-old cottonwood plantation. We found that a 10% increase in VPD due to climate change increased the sap flux of eastern cottonwood by about 5%. Our model also forecasted annual sap flux characteristics of measured cycles that increased in the spring, reached a maximum in the summer, and decreased in the fall. The model developed here can be adapted to estimate sap flux of other trees species in a time- and cost-effective manner.https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/9/2/22cottonwoodclimate changesap fluxSTELLAvapor pressure deficit |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ying Ouyang Theodor D. Leininger Heidi Renninger Emile S. Gardiner Lisa Samuelson |
spellingShingle |
Ying Ouyang Theodor D. Leininger Heidi Renninger Emile S. Gardiner Lisa Samuelson A Model to Assess Eastern Cottonwood Water Flow Using Adjusted Vapor Pressure Deficit Associated with a Climate Change Impact Application Climate cottonwood climate change sap flux STELLA vapor pressure deficit |
author_facet |
Ying Ouyang Theodor D. Leininger Heidi Renninger Emile S. Gardiner Lisa Samuelson |
author_sort |
Ying Ouyang |
title |
A Model to Assess Eastern Cottonwood Water Flow Using Adjusted Vapor Pressure Deficit Associated with a Climate Change Impact Application |
title_short |
A Model to Assess Eastern Cottonwood Water Flow Using Adjusted Vapor Pressure Deficit Associated with a Climate Change Impact Application |
title_full |
A Model to Assess Eastern Cottonwood Water Flow Using Adjusted Vapor Pressure Deficit Associated with a Climate Change Impact Application |
title_fullStr |
A Model to Assess Eastern Cottonwood Water Flow Using Adjusted Vapor Pressure Deficit Associated with a Climate Change Impact Application |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Model to Assess Eastern Cottonwood Water Flow Using Adjusted Vapor Pressure Deficit Associated with a Climate Change Impact Application |
title_sort |
model to assess eastern cottonwood water flow using adjusted vapor pressure deficit associated with a climate change impact application |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Climate |
issn |
2225-1154 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
Short-rotation woody crops have maintained global prominence as biomass feedstocks for bioenergy, in part due to their fast growth and coppicing ability. However, the water usage efficiency of some woody biomass crops suggests potential adverse hydrological impacts. Monitoring tree water use in large-scale plantations would be very time-consuming and cost-prohibitive because it would typically require the installation and maintenance of sap flux sensors and dataloggers or other instruments. We developed a model to estimate the sap flux of eastern cottonwood (<i>Populus deltoides</i>. Bartr. ex Marsh.)) grown in bioenergy plantations. This model is based on adjusted vapor pressure deficit (VPD) using Structural Thinking and Experiential Learning Laboratory with Animation (STELLA) software (Architect Version 1.8.2), and is validated using the sap flux data collected from a 4-year-old eastern cottonwood biomass production plantation. With R<sup>2</sup> values greater than 0.79 and Nash Sutcliffe coefficients greater than 0.69 and <i>p</i> values < 0.001, a strong agreement was obtained between measured and predicted diurnal sap flux patterns and annual sap flux cycles. We further validated the model using eastern cottonwood sap flux data from Aiken, South Carolina, USA with a good agreement between method predictions and field measurements. The model was able to predict a typical diurnal pattern, with sap flux density increasing during the day and decreasing at night for a 5-year-old cottonwood plantation. We found that a 10% increase in VPD due to climate change increased the sap flux of eastern cottonwood by about 5%. Our model also forecasted annual sap flux characteristics of measured cycles that increased in the spring, reached a maximum in the summer, and decreased in the fall. The model developed here can be adapted to estimate sap flux of other trees species in a time- and cost-effective manner. |
topic |
cottonwood climate change sap flux STELLA vapor pressure deficit |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/9/2/22 |
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