The Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor: Its Intracellular Signaling and Regulation

• Main Authors: Yue Yin, Yin Li, Weizhen Zhang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2014-03-01
• Series: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Subjects: ghrelin receptor; constitutive activity; intracellular signaling; [Ca2+]i; AMPK; mTOR; MAPK; PI3K
• Online Access: http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/15/3/4837

The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), also known as the ghrelin receptor, is involved in mediating a wide variety of biological effects of ghrelin, including: stimulation of growth hormone release, increase of food intake and body weight, modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, regulation of gastrointestinal motility and secretion, protection of neuronal and cardiovascular cells, and regulation of immune function. Dependent on the tissues and cells, activation of GHSR may trigger a diversity of signaling mechanisms and subsequent distinct physiological responses. Distinct regulation of GHSR occurs at levels of transcription, receptor interaction and internalization. Here we review the current understanding on the intracellular signaling pathways of GHSR and its modulation. An overview of the molecular structure of GHSR is presented first, followed by the discussion on its signaling mechanisms. Finally, potential mechanisms regulating GHSR are reviewed.