Distribution of <i>Salmonella</i> Serovars in Humans, Foods, Farm Animals and Environment, Companion and Wildlife Animals in Singapore

• Main Authors: Kyaw Thu Aung, Wei Ching Khor, Sophie Octavia, Agnes Ye, Justina Leo, Pei Pei Chan, Georgina Lim, Wai Kwan Wong, Brian Zi Yan Tan, Joergen Schlundt, Anders Dalsgaard, Lee Ching Ng, Yueh Nuo Lin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-08-01
• Series: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
• Subjects: <i>Salmonella</i>; serovar distribution; One-Health; humans; foods; animals
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/16/5774
• ISSN: 1661-7827; 1660-4601

We analyzed the epidemiological distribution of <i>Salmonella</i> serovars in humans, foods, animals and the environment as a One-Health step towards identifying risk factors for human salmonellosis. Throughout the 2012–2016 period, <i>Salmonella</i> ser. Enteritidis was consistently the predominating serovar attributing to >20.0% of isolates in humans. Other most common serovars in humans include <i>Salmonella</i> ser. Stanley, <i>Salmonella</i> ser. Weltevreden, <i>Salmonella</i> ser. Typhimurium and <i>Salmonella</i> ser. 4,5,12:b:-(dT+). <i>S.</i> Enteritidis was also the most frequent serovar found among the isolates from chicken/chicken products (28.5%) and eggs/egg products (61.5%) during the same period. In contrast, <i>S.</i> Typhimurium (35.2%) and <i>Salmonella</i> ser. Derby (18.8%) were prevalent in pork/pork products. <i>S</i>. Weltevreden was more frequent in seafood (19.2%) than others (≤3.0%). Most isolates (>80.0%) from farms, companion and wildlife animals belonged to serovars other than <i>S</i>. Enteritidis or <i>S</i>. Typhimurium. Findings demonstrate the significance of a One-Health investigative approach to understand the epidemiology <i>Salmonella</i> for more effective and integrated surveillance systems.