Fluid Metabolism in Athletes Running Seven Marathons in Seven Consecutive Days
Purpose: Hypohydration and hyperhydration are significant disorders of fluid metabolism in endurance performance; however, little relevant data exist regarding multi-stage endurance activities. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of running seven marathons in 7 consecutive days on...
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doaj-8bd2a7ce953545faa5f19eaf6447b6802020-11-24T22:20:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2018-02-01910.3389/fphys.2018.00091329864Fluid Metabolism in Athletes Running Seven Marathons in Seven Consecutive DaysDaniela Chlíbková0Pantelis T. Nikolaidis1Thomas Rosemann2Beat Knechtle3Beat Knechtle4Josef Bednář5Centre of Sports Activities, Brno University of Technology, Brno, CzechiaExercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, GreeceInstitute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandMedbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, SwitzerlandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, CzechiaPurpose: Hypohydration and hyperhydration are significant disorders of fluid metabolism in endurance performance; however, little relevant data exist regarding multi-stage endurance activities. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of running seven marathons in 7 consecutive days on selected anthropometric, hematological and biochemical characteristics with an emphasis on hydration status.Methods: Participants included 6 women and 20 men (age 42.6 ± 6.2 years). Data was collected before day 1 (B1) and after day 1 (A1), 4 (A4), and 7 (A7).Results: The average marathon race time was 4:44 h:min (ranging from 3:09 – 6:19 h:min). Plasma sodium, plasma potassium and urine sodium were maintained during the race. Body mass (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.501), body fat (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.572) and hematocrit (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.358) decreased. Plasma osmolality (Posm) (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.416), urine osmolality (Uosm) (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.465), urine potassium (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.507), urine specific gravity (Usg) (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.540), plasma urea (PUN) (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.586), urine urea (UUN) (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.532) and transtubular potassium gradient (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.560) increased at A1, A4, and A7 vs. B1. Posm correlated with PUN at A1 (r = 0.59, p = 0.001) and A4 (r = 0.58, p = 0.002). The reported post-race fluid intake was 0.5 ± 0.2 L/h and it correlated negatively with plasma [Na+] (r = −0.42, p = 0.007) at A4 and (r = −0.50, p = 0.009) at A7. Uosm was associated with UUN at A1 (r = 0.80, p < 0.001), at A4 (r = 0.81, p < 0.001) and at A7 (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) and with Usg (r = 0.71, p < 0.001) at A1, (r = 0.52, p = 0.006) at A4 and (r = 0.46, p = 0.02) at A7.Conclusions: Despite the decrease in body mass, fluid and electrolyte balance was maintained with no decrease in plasma volume after running seven marathons in seven consecutive days. Current findings support the hypothesis that body mass changes do not reflect changes in the hydration status during prolonged exercise.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.00091/fullmulti-stage marathonendurancerunninghydration statussodium |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Daniela Chlíbková Pantelis T. Nikolaidis Thomas Rosemann Beat Knechtle Beat Knechtle Josef Bednář |
spellingShingle |
Daniela Chlíbková Pantelis T. Nikolaidis Thomas Rosemann Beat Knechtle Beat Knechtle Josef Bednář Fluid Metabolism in Athletes Running Seven Marathons in Seven Consecutive Days Frontiers in Physiology multi-stage marathon endurance running hydration status sodium |
author_facet |
Daniela Chlíbková Pantelis T. Nikolaidis Thomas Rosemann Beat Knechtle Beat Knechtle Josef Bednář |
author_sort |
Daniela Chlíbková |
title |
Fluid Metabolism in Athletes Running Seven Marathons in Seven Consecutive Days |
title_short |
Fluid Metabolism in Athletes Running Seven Marathons in Seven Consecutive Days |
title_full |
Fluid Metabolism in Athletes Running Seven Marathons in Seven Consecutive Days |
title_fullStr |
Fluid Metabolism in Athletes Running Seven Marathons in Seven Consecutive Days |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fluid Metabolism in Athletes Running Seven Marathons in Seven Consecutive Days |
title_sort |
fluid metabolism in athletes running seven marathons in seven consecutive days |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Physiology |
issn |
1664-042X |
publishDate |
2018-02-01 |
description |
Purpose: Hypohydration and hyperhydration are significant disorders of fluid metabolism in endurance performance; however, little relevant data exist regarding multi-stage endurance activities. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of running seven marathons in 7 consecutive days on selected anthropometric, hematological and biochemical characteristics with an emphasis on hydration status.Methods: Participants included 6 women and 20 men (age 42.6 ± 6.2 years). Data was collected before day 1 (B1) and after day 1 (A1), 4 (A4), and 7 (A7).Results: The average marathon race time was 4:44 h:min (ranging from 3:09 – 6:19 h:min). Plasma sodium, plasma potassium and urine sodium were maintained during the race. Body mass (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.501), body fat (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.572) and hematocrit (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.358) decreased. Plasma osmolality (Posm) (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.416), urine osmolality (Uosm) (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.465), urine potassium (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.507), urine specific gravity (Usg) (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.540), plasma urea (PUN) (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.586), urine urea (UUN) (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.532) and transtubular potassium gradient (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.560) increased at A1, A4, and A7 vs. B1. Posm correlated with PUN at A1 (r = 0.59, p = 0.001) and A4 (r = 0.58, p = 0.002). The reported post-race fluid intake was 0.5 ± 0.2 L/h and it correlated negatively with plasma [Na+] (r = −0.42, p = 0.007) at A4 and (r = −0.50, p = 0.009) at A7. Uosm was associated with UUN at A1 (r = 0.80, p < 0.001), at A4 (r = 0.81, p < 0.001) and at A7 (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) and with Usg (r = 0.71, p < 0.001) at A1, (r = 0.52, p = 0.006) at A4 and (r = 0.46, p = 0.02) at A7.Conclusions: Despite the decrease in body mass, fluid and electrolyte balance was maintained with no decrease in plasma volume after running seven marathons in seven consecutive days. Current findings support the hypothesis that body mass changes do not reflect changes in the hydration status during prolonged exercise. |
topic |
multi-stage marathon endurance running hydration status sodium |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.00091/full |
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