Astrocytic and Oligodendrocytic P2X7 Receptors Determine Neuronal Functions in the CNS
P2X7 receptors are members of the ATP-gated cationic channel family with a preferential localization at the microglial cells, the resident macrophages of the brain. However, these receptors are also present at neuroglia (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes) although at a considerably lower density. They me...
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doaj-8bd5b54192064359aea9ea3d375ec6942021-02-11T14:42:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience1662-50992021-02-011410.3389/fnmol.2021.641570641570Astrocytic and Oligodendrocytic P2X7 Receptors Determine Neuronal Functions in the CNSYa-Fei Zhao0Yong Tang1Yong Tang2Peter Illes3Peter Illes4Peter Illes5School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaInternational Collaborative Center on Big Science Plan for Purine Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaInternational Collaborative Center on Big Science Plan for Purine Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaRudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyP2X7 receptors are members of the ATP-gated cationic channel family with a preferential localization at the microglial cells, the resident macrophages of the brain. However, these receptors are also present at neuroglia (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes) although at a considerably lower density. They mediate necrosis/apoptosis by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the excitotoxic (glio)transmitters glutamate and ATP. Besides mediating cell damage i.e., superimposed upon chronic neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, they may also participate in neuroglial signaling to neurons under conditions of high ATP concentrations during any other form of neuroinflammation/neurodegeneration. It is a pertinent open question whether P2X7Rs are localized on neurons, or whether only neuroglia/microglia possess this receptor-type causing indirect effects by releasing the above-mentioned signaling molecules. We suggest as based on molecular biology and functional evidence that neurons are devoid of P2X7Rs although the existence of neuronal P2X7Rs cannot be excluded with absolute certainty.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.641570/fullP2X7 receptorsastrocytesoligodendrocytesneuronssignaling molecules |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ya-Fei Zhao Yong Tang Yong Tang Peter Illes Peter Illes Peter Illes |
spellingShingle |
Ya-Fei Zhao Yong Tang Yong Tang Peter Illes Peter Illes Peter Illes Astrocytic and Oligodendrocytic P2X7 Receptors Determine Neuronal Functions in the CNS Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience P2X7 receptors astrocytes oligodendrocytes neurons signaling molecules |
author_facet |
Ya-Fei Zhao Yong Tang Yong Tang Peter Illes Peter Illes Peter Illes |
author_sort |
Ya-Fei Zhao |
title |
Astrocytic and Oligodendrocytic P2X7 Receptors Determine Neuronal Functions in the CNS |
title_short |
Astrocytic and Oligodendrocytic P2X7 Receptors Determine Neuronal Functions in the CNS |
title_full |
Astrocytic and Oligodendrocytic P2X7 Receptors Determine Neuronal Functions in the CNS |
title_fullStr |
Astrocytic and Oligodendrocytic P2X7 Receptors Determine Neuronal Functions in the CNS |
title_full_unstemmed |
Astrocytic and Oligodendrocytic P2X7 Receptors Determine Neuronal Functions in the CNS |
title_sort |
astrocytic and oligodendrocytic p2x7 receptors determine neuronal functions in the cns |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience |
issn |
1662-5099 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
P2X7 receptors are members of the ATP-gated cationic channel family with a preferential localization at the microglial cells, the resident macrophages of the brain. However, these receptors are also present at neuroglia (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes) although at a considerably lower density. They mediate necrosis/apoptosis by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the excitotoxic (glio)transmitters glutamate and ATP. Besides mediating cell damage i.e., superimposed upon chronic neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, they may also participate in neuroglial signaling to neurons under conditions of high ATP concentrations during any other form of neuroinflammation/neurodegeneration. It is a pertinent open question whether P2X7Rs are localized on neurons, or whether only neuroglia/microglia possess this receptor-type causing indirect effects by releasing the above-mentioned signaling molecules. We suggest as based on molecular biology and functional evidence that neurons are devoid of P2X7Rs although the existence of neuronal P2X7Rs cannot be excluded with absolute certainty. |
topic |
P2X7 receptors astrocytes oligodendrocytes neurons signaling molecules |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.641570/full |
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