Mixotrophic cyanobacteria and microalgae as distinctive biological agents for organic pollutant degradation

Millions of natural and synthetic organic chemical substances are present in both soil and aquatic environments. Toxicity and/or persistence determine the polluting principle of these substances. The biological responses to these pollutants include accumulation and degradation. The responses of envi...

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Main Authors:	Suresh R. Subashchandrabose, Balasubramanian Ramakrishnan, Mallavarapu Megharaj, Kadiyala Venkateswarlu, Ravi Naidu
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier 2013-01-01
Series:	Environment International
Online Access:	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412012002310

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spelling	doaj-8c0fd95035714a6cbecfc482295d93232020-11-24T20:53:17ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202013-01-01515972Mixotrophic cyanobacteria and microalgae as distinctive biological agents for organic pollutant degradationSuresh R. Subashchandrabose0Balasubramanian Ramakrishnan1Mallavarapu Megharaj2Kadiyala Venkateswarlu3Ravi Naidu4Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, SA5095, Australia, and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment, PO Box 486 Salisbury South, SA5106, AustraliaCentre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, SA5095, Australia, and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment, PO Box 486 Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia; Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IndiaCentre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, SA5095, Australia, and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment, PO Box 486 Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia; Corresponding author at: Environmental Biotechnology, Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, X Building, Room X1-14, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, SA5095, Australia. Tel.: +61 8 8302 5044; fax: +61 8 8302 3057.Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, SA5095, Australia, and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment, PO Box 486 Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515055, IndiaCentre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, SA5095, Australia, and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment, PO Box 486 Salisbury South, SA5106, AustraliaMillions of natural and synthetic organic chemical substances are present in both soil and aquatic environments. Toxicity and/or persistence determine the polluting principle of these substances. The biological responses to these pollutants include accumulation and degradation. The responses of environments with organic pollutants are perceptible from the dwindling degradative abilities of microorganisms. Among different biological members, cyanobacteria and microalgae are highly adaptive through many eons, and can grow autotrophically, heterotrophically or mixotrophically. Mixotrophy in cyanobacteria and microalgae can provide many competitive advantages over bacteria and fungi in degrading organic pollutants. Laboratory culturing of strict phototrophic algae has limited the realization of their potential as bioremediation agents. In the natural assemblages, mixotrophic algae can contribute to sequestration of carbon, which is otherwise emitted as carbon dioxide to the atmosphere under heterotrophic conditions by other organisms. Molecular methods and metabolic and genomic information will help not only in identification and selection of mixotrophic species of cyanobacteria and microalgae with capabilities to degrade organic pollutants but also in monitoring the efficiency of remediation efforts under the field conditions. These organisms are relatively easier for genetic engineering with desirable traits. This review presents a new premise from the literature that mixotrophic algae and cyanobacteria are distinctive bioremediation agents with capabilities to sequester carbon in the environment. Keywords: Cyanobacteria, Microalgae, Mixotrophy, Biological agents, Organic pollutants, Biodegradationhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412012002310
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Suresh R. Subashchandrabose Balasubramanian Ramakrishnan Mallavarapu Megharaj Kadiyala Venkateswarlu Ravi Naidu
spellingShingle	Suresh R. Subashchandrabose Balasubramanian Ramakrishnan Mallavarapu Megharaj Kadiyala Venkateswarlu Ravi Naidu Mixotrophic cyanobacteria and microalgae as distinctive biological agents for organic pollutant degradation Environment International
author_facet	Suresh R. Subashchandrabose Balasubramanian Ramakrishnan Mallavarapu Megharaj Kadiyala Venkateswarlu Ravi Naidu
author_sort	Suresh R. Subashchandrabose
title	Mixotrophic cyanobacteria and microalgae as distinctive biological agents for organic pollutant degradation
title_short	Mixotrophic cyanobacteria and microalgae as distinctive biological agents for organic pollutant degradation
title_full	Mixotrophic cyanobacteria and microalgae as distinctive biological agents for organic pollutant degradation
title_fullStr	Mixotrophic cyanobacteria and microalgae as distinctive biological agents for organic pollutant degradation
title_full_unstemmed	Mixotrophic cyanobacteria and microalgae as distinctive biological agents for organic pollutant degradation
title_sort	mixotrophic cyanobacteria and microalgae as distinctive biological agents for organic pollutant degradation
publisher	Elsevier
series	Environment International
issn	0160-4120
publishDate	2013-01-01
description	Millions of natural and synthetic organic chemical substances are present in both soil and aquatic environments. Toxicity and/or persistence determine the polluting principle of these substances. The biological responses to these pollutants include accumulation and degradation. The responses of environments with organic pollutants are perceptible from the dwindling degradative abilities of microorganisms. Among different biological members, cyanobacteria and microalgae are highly adaptive through many eons, and can grow autotrophically, heterotrophically or mixotrophically. Mixotrophy in cyanobacteria and microalgae can provide many competitive advantages over bacteria and fungi in degrading organic pollutants. Laboratory culturing of strict phototrophic algae has limited the realization of their potential as bioremediation agents. In the natural assemblages, mixotrophic algae can contribute to sequestration of carbon, which is otherwise emitted as carbon dioxide to the atmosphere under heterotrophic conditions by other organisms. Molecular methods and metabolic and genomic information will help not only in identification and selection of mixotrophic species of cyanobacteria and microalgae with capabilities to degrade organic pollutants but also in monitoring the efficiency of remediation efforts under the field conditions. These organisms are relatively easier for genetic engineering with desirable traits. This review presents a new premise from the literature that mixotrophic algae and cyanobacteria are distinctive bioremediation agents with capabilities to sequester carbon in the environment. Keywords: Cyanobacteria, Microalgae, Mixotrophy, Biological agents, Organic pollutants, Biodegradation
url	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412012002310
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Mixotrophic cyanobacteria and microalgae as distinctive biological agents for organic pollutant degradation

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