Investigation of Changes in Bone Tissue Developing with Time in Experimental Diabetic Rat Model

• Main Author: Dilek Aygün Keşim
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dicle University Medical School 2021-06-01
• Series: Dicle Medical Journal
• Subjects: diabetes mellitus; bone; rat; streptozotocin; tibia; osteocyte
• Online Access: http://diclemedj.org/upload/sayi/81/Dicle%20Med%20J-04598.pdf
• ISSN: 1300-2945; 1308-9889

Objective: It was aimed to investigate the effect of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ) on the bone metabolism. Methods: In the study, 28 male Wistar albino rats weighing 350-400 g were used. 7 rats were used in each group. The rats were divided into 4 groups: 2-week control and diabetes (streptozotocin), 8-week control and diabetes. The diabetic groups were injected with a single dose of streptozotocin 45 mg / kg into the abdominal cavity. Blood and right tibia samples were taken by sacrificing rats with cardiac puncture under ketamine anesthesia in the specified weeks. Histopathological images were obtained by staining the tibia with hematoxylindye. Tibia lengths were measured and recorded. Vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase values were measured from blood serum samples. Results: A significant decrease was observed in body weight of both two week and eight week diabetic groups compared to their own control(p <0.01). While fasting blood glucose was 385 ml/dl in the diabetic group on the 2nd week, it was measured as 496 mg/dl in the diabetic group on the 8th week. In histopathological examinations, there was no difference between the control and diabetic groups in the first 2 weeks, while degeneration was found in osteocyte cells in the bones of 8-week old diabetic rats. While there was no significant difference in tibia length between the groups in the 2nd week (p˃0,01), a significant decrease was found in the diabetic group at the 8th week compared to the control (p˂0,01). In biochemical serum values in 2-week diabetic group, compared to its own control, significant changes occurred in Ca and ALP values (p˂0,01). Significant differences were found against diabetes in the 8-week diabetic group in terms of serum Mg (p˂0,05), Ca, P and ALP values (p<0,01) compared to the control. Conclusion: While in diabetic models created with STZ, no pathology is seen in bone in the early period, degeneration in osteocyte cells, decrease in bone formation and defects in serum biochemical markers occur in the long term. In addition, defects in vitamin D and Ca metabolism due to hyperglycemia may lead to low bone mass and increase the possibility of fracture. Bone health should not be neglected in diabetic patients and early precautions should be taken.