Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] Grown under Low Nitrogen Shows a Smaller Root System, Enhanced Biomass Accumulation, and Nitrate Transporter Expression
Foxtail millet (FM) [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] is a grain and forage crop well adapted to nutrient-poor soils. To date little is known how FM adapts to low nitrogen (LN) at the morphological, physiological, and molecular levels. Using the FM variety Yugu1, we found that LN led to lower chlorophyl...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-02-01
|
Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2018.00205/full |
id |
doaj-8cfd3c2e6c73481a84117dbf2cf56cf8 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-8cfd3c2e6c73481a84117dbf2cf56cf82020-11-24T20:47:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2018-02-01910.3389/fpls.2018.00205309451Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] Grown under Low Nitrogen Shows a Smaller Root System, Enhanced Biomass Accumulation, and Nitrate Transporter ExpressionFaisal Nadeem0Zeeshan Ahmad1Ruifeng Wang2Jienan Han3Qi Shen4Feiran Chang5Xianmin Diao6Fusuo Zhang7Xuexian Li8Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaFoxtail millet (FM) [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] is a grain and forage crop well adapted to nutrient-poor soils. To date little is known how FM adapts to low nitrogen (LN) at the morphological, physiological, and molecular levels. Using the FM variety Yugu1, we found that LN led to lower chlorophyll contents and N concentrations, and higher root/shoot and C/N ratios and N utilization efficiencies under hydroponic culture. Importantly, enhanced biomass accumulation in the root under LN was in contrast to a smaller root system, as indicated by significant decreases in total root length; crown root number and length; and lateral root number, length, and density. Enhanced carbon allocation toward the root was rather for significant increases in average diameter of the LN root, potentially favorable for wider xylem vessels or other anatomical alterations facilitating nutrient transport. Lower levels of IAA and CKs were consistent with a smaller root system and higher levels of GA may promote root thickening under LN. Further, up-regulation of SiNRT1.1, SiNRT2.1, and SiNAR2.1 expression and nitrate influx in the root and that of SiNRT1.11 and SiNRT1.12 expression in the shoot probably favored nitrate uptake and remobilization as a whole. Lastly, more soluble proteins accumulated in the N-deficient root likely as a result of increases of N utilization efficiencies. Such “excessive” protein-N was possibly available for shoot delivery. Thus, FM may preferentially transport carbon toward the root facilitating root thickening/nutrient transport and allocate N toward the shoot maximizing photosynthesis/carbon fixation as a primary adaptive strategy to N limitation.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2018.00205/fullfoxtail millet (FM)low nitrogen (LN)root architecturenitrogen uptakenitrogen transport |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Faisal Nadeem Zeeshan Ahmad Ruifeng Wang Jienan Han Qi Shen Feiran Chang Xianmin Diao Fusuo Zhang Xuexian Li |
spellingShingle |
Faisal Nadeem Zeeshan Ahmad Ruifeng Wang Jienan Han Qi Shen Feiran Chang Xianmin Diao Fusuo Zhang Xuexian Li Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] Grown under Low Nitrogen Shows a Smaller Root System, Enhanced Biomass Accumulation, and Nitrate Transporter Expression Frontiers in Plant Science foxtail millet (FM) low nitrogen (LN) root architecture nitrogen uptake nitrogen transport |
author_facet |
Faisal Nadeem Zeeshan Ahmad Ruifeng Wang Jienan Han Qi Shen Feiran Chang Xianmin Diao Fusuo Zhang Xuexian Li |
author_sort |
Faisal Nadeem |
title |
Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] Grown under Low Nitrogen Shows a Smaller Root System, Enhanced Biomass Accumulation, and Nitrate Transporter Expression |
title_short |
Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] Grown under Low Nitrogen Shows a Smaller Root System, Enhanced Biomass Accumulation, and Nitrate Transporter Expression |
title_full |
Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] Grown under Low Nitrogen Shows a Smaller Root System, Enhanced Biomass Accumulation, and Nitrate Transporter Expression |
title_fullStr |
Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] Grown under Low Nitrogen Shows a Smaller Root System, Enhanced Biomass Accumulation, and Nitrate Transporter Expression |
title_full_unstemmed |
Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] Grown under Low Nitrogen Shows a Smaller Root System, Enhanced Biomass Accumulation, and Nitrate Transporter Expression |
title_sort |
foxtail millet [setaria italica (l.) beauv.] grown under low nitrogen shows a smaller root system, enhanced biomass accumulation, and nitrate transporter expression |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
issn |
1664-462X |
publishDate |
2018-02-01 |
description |
Foxtail millet (FM) [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] is a grain and forage crop well adapted to nutrient-poor soils. To date little is known how FM adapts to low nitrogen (LN) at the morphological, physiological, and molecular levels. Using the FM variety Yugu1, we found that LN led to lower chlorophyll contents and N concentrations, and higher root/shoot and C/N ratios and N utilization efficiencies under hydroponic culture. Importantly, enhanced biomass accumulation in the root under LN was in contrast to a smaller root system, as indicated by significant decreases in total root length; crown root number and length; and lateral root number, length, and density. Enhanced carbon allocation toward the root was rather for significant increases in average diameter of the LN root, potentially favorable for wider xylem vessels or other anatomical alterations facilitating nutrient transport. Lower levels of IAA and CKs were consistent with a smaller root system and higher levels of GA may promote root thickening under LN. Further, up-regulation of SiNRT1.1, SiNRT2.1, and SiNAR2.1 expression and nitrate influx in the root and that of SiNRT1.11 and SiNRT1.12 expression in the shoot probably favored nitrate uptake and remobilization as a whole. Lastly, more soluble proteins accumulated in the N-deficient root likely as a result of increases of N utilization efficiencies. Such “excessive” protein-N was possibly available for shoot delivery. Thus, FM may preferentially transport carbon toward the root facilitating root thickening/nutrient transport and allocate N toward the shoot maximizing photosynthesis/carbon fixation as a primary adaptive strategy to N limitation. |
topic |
foxtail millet (FM) low nitrogen (LN) root architecture nitrogen uptake nitrogen transport |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2018.00205/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT faisalnadeem foxtailmilletsetariaitalicalbeauvgrownunderlownitrogenshowsasmallerrootsystemenhancedbiomassaccumulationandnitratetransporterexpression AT zeeshanahmad foxtailmilletsetariaitalicalbeauvgrownunderlownitrogenshowsasmallerrootsystemenhancedbiomassaccumulationandnitratetransporterexpression AT ruifengwang foxtailmilletsetariaitalicalbeauvgrownunderlownitrogenshowsasmallerrootsystemenhancedbiomassaccumulationandnitratetransporterexpression AT jienanhan foxtailmilletsetariaitalicalbeauvgrownunderlownitrogenshowsasmallerrootsystemenhancedbiomassaccumulationandnitratetransporterexpression AT qishen foxtailmilletsetariaitalicalbeauvgrownunderlownitrogenshowsasmallerrootsystemenhancedbiomassaccumulationandnitratetransporterexpression AT feiranchang foxtailmilletsetariaitalicalbeauvgrownunderlownitrogenshowsasmallerrootsystemenhancedbiomassaccumulationandnitratetransporterexpression AT xianmindiao foxtailmilletsetariaitalicalbeauvgrownunderlownitrogenshowsasmallerrootsystemenhancedbiomassaccumulationandnitratetransporterexpression AT fusuozhang foxtailmilletsetariaitalicalbeauvgrownunderlownitrogenshowsasmallerrootsystemenhancedbiomassaccumulationandnitratetransporterexpression AT xuexianli foxtailmilletsetariaitalicalbeauvgrownunderlownitrogenshowsasmallerrootsystemenhancedbiomassaccumulationandnitratetransporterexpression |
_version_ |
1716809547336646656 |