Enhanced anticancer effect by combination of proteoglucan and Vitamin K3 on bladder cancer cells
Aim: Mushroom extract, PDF, is a bioactive proteoglucan with anticancer/antitumor activity, and Vitamin K3 (VK3) is a synthetic VK derivative with antitumor activity as well. An unconventional approach using these two agents was tested to see their anticancer effects on bladder cancer cells in vitro...
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doaj-8d3ea7df9e1043d9ba4c7025b234ec872020-11-25T00:40:33ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsCancer Translational Medicine2395-39772395-30122018-01-014511712210.4103/ctm.ctm_25_18Enhanced anticancer effect by combination of proteoglucan and Vitamin K3 on bladder cancer cellsMichael ZhangKelvin ZhengMuhammad ChoudhuryJohn PhillipsSensuke KonnoAim: Mushroom extract, PDF, is a bioactive proteoglucan with anticancer/antitumor activity, and Vitamin K3 (VK3) is a synthetic VK derivative with antitumor activity as well. An unconventional approach using these two agents was tested to see their anticancer effects on bladder cancer cells in vitro. Methods: Human bladder cancer T24 cells were treated with PDF, VK3, or their combination, and cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. To explore the anticancer mechanism, cell cycle and epigenetic alterations were specifically studied. Results: PDF ≥ 500 μg/mL led to a ~ 35% reduction in cell viability while VK3 had little effects. However, when PDF (300 μg/mL) was combined with VK3 (5 μM), a ~ 75% cell viability reduction was attained. This specific combination induced a G1 cell cycle arrest with the downregulation of G1-specific regulators. In addition, histone deacetylase was inactivated while histones 3 and 4 were highly acetylated. Two apoptotic regulators were significantly activated with PDF/VK3 combination as well. Conclusion: The specific combination of PDF and VK3 appears to potentiate anticancer effect on T24 cells. This is primarily attributed to a G1 cell cycle arrest with chromatin modifications, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Thus, the PDF/VK3 combination may offer a potential therapeutic option for bladder cancer.http://www.cancertm.com/article.asp?issn=2395-3977;year=2018;volume=4;issue=5;spage=117;epage=122;aulast=ZhangAnticancerapoptosisbladder cancerproteoglucanVitamin K3 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Michael Zhang Kelvin Zheng Muhammad Choudhury John Phillips Sensuke Konno |
spellingShingle |
Michael Zhang Kelvin Zheng Muhammad Choudhury John Phillips Sensuke Konno Enhanced anticancer effect by combination of proteoglucan and Vitamin K3 on bladder cancer cells Cancer Translational Medicine Anticancer apoptosis bladder cancer proteoglucan Vitamin K3 |
author_facet |
Michael Zhang Kelvin Zheng Muhammad Choudhury John Phillips Sensuke Konno |
author_sort |
Michael Zhang |
title |
Enhanced anticancer effect by combination of proteoglucan and Vitamin K3 on bladder cancer cells |
title_short |
Enhanced anticancer effect by combination of proteoglucan and Vitamin K3 on bladder cancer cells |
title_full |
Enhanced anticancer effect by combination of proteoglucan and Vitamin K3 on bladder cancer cells |
title_fullStr |
Enhanced anticancer effect by combination of proteoglucan and Vitamin K3 on bladder cancer cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
Enhanced anticancer effect by combination of proteoglucan and Vitamin K3 on bladder cancer cells |
title_sort |
enhanced anticancer effect by combination of proteoglucan and vitamin k3 on bladder cancer cells |
publisher |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
series |
Cancer Translational Medicine |
issn |
2395-3977 2395-3012 |
publishDate |
2018-01-01 |
description |
Aim: Mushroom extract, PDF, is a bioactive proteoglucan with anticancer/antitumor activity, and Vitamin K3 (VK3) is a synthetic VK derivative with antitumor activity as well. An unconventional approach using these two agents was tested to see their anticancer effects on bladder cancer cells in vitro.
Methods: Human bladder cancer T24 cells were treated with PDF, VK3, or their combination, and cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. To explore the anticancer mechanism, cell cycle and epigenetic alterations were specifically studied.
Results: PDF ≥ 500 μg/mL led to a ~ 35% reduction in cell viability while VK3 had little effects. However, when PDF (300 μg/mL) was combined with VK3 (5 μM), a ~ 75% cell viability reduction was attained. This specific combination induced a G1 cell cycle arrest with the downregulation of G1-specific regulators. In addition, histone deacetylase was inactivated while histones 3 and 4 were highly acetylated. Two apoptotic regulators were significantly activated with PDF/VK3 combination as well.
Conclusion: The specific combination of PDF and VK3 appears to potentiate anticancer effect on T24 cells. This is primarily attributed to a G1 cell cycle arrest with chromatin modifications, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Thus, the PDF/VK3 combination may offer a potential therapeutic option for bladder cancer. |
topic |
Anticancer apoptosis bladder cancer proteoglucan Vitamin K3 |
url |
http://www.cancertm.com/article.asp?issn=2395-3977;year=2018;volume=4;issue=5;spage=117;epage=122;aulast=Zhang |
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