Social Distancing and COVID-19: Factors Associated With Compliance With Social Distancing Norms in Spain
This article describes patterns of compliance with social distancing measures among the Spanish population during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It identifies several factors associated with higher or lower compliance with recommended measures of social distancing. This research i...
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doaj-8d6e7ef0186d48a2a647059379ec176d2021-09-14T04:17:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782021-09-011210.3389/fpsyg.2021.727225727225Social Distancing and COVID-19: Factors Associated With Compliance With Social Distancing Norms in SpainEstrella Gualda0Andre Krouwel1Marisol Palacios-Gálvez2Elena Morales-Marente3Iván Rodríguez-Pascual4E. Begoña García-Navarro5Social Studies and Social Intervention Research Center, Contemporary Thinking and Innovation for Social Development Research Center, Faculty of Social Work, University of Huelva, Huelva, SpainFaculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsContemporary Thinking and Innovation for Social Development, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, SpainContemporary Thinking and Innovation for Social Development, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, SpainSocial Studies and Social Intervention Research Center, Contemporary Thinking and Innovation for Social Development Research Center, Faculty of Social Work, University of Huelva, Huelva, SpainSocial Studies and Social Intervention Research Center, Contemporary Thinking and Innovation for Social Development Research Center, Faculty of Nursing, University of Huelva, Huelva, SpainThis article describes patterns of compliance with social distancing measures among the Spanish population during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It identifies several factors associated with higher or lower compliance with recommended measures of social distancing. This research is part of a 67-country study, titled the International COVID-19 study on Social & Moral Psychology, in which we use a Spanish dataset. Participants were residents in Spain aged 18 or above. The sample comprises 1,090 respondents, weighted to be representative of the Spanish population. Frequencies, correlations, bivariate analysis, and six models based on hierarchical multiple regressions were applied. The main finding is that most Spaniards are compliant with established guidelines of social distance during the pandemic (State of Alarm, before May 2020). Variables associated more with lower levels of compliance with these standards were explored. Six hierarchical multiple regression models found that compliance with social distance measures has a multifactorial explanation (R2 between 20.4 and 49.1%). Sociodemographic factors, personal hygiene patterns, and the interaction between personal hygiene patterns and the support for political measures related to the coronavirus brought significant effects on the regression models. Less compliance was also associated with beliefs in some specific conspiracy theories with regard to COVID-19 or general conspiracy mentality (Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire, CMQ), consumption patterns of traditional mass media (television, paper newspapers, magazines, and radio) and modern means to get informed (online digital newspapers, blogs, and social networks), political ideology, vote, trust in institutions, and political identification. Among the future lines of action in preventing the possible outbreak of the virus, we suggest measures to reinforce trust in official information, mainly linked to reducing the influence of disinformation and conspiracy theories parallel to the pandemic.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727225/fullsocial distancingCOVID-19coronavirusdisinformationconspiracy theoriespublic health |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Estrella Gualda Andre Krouwel Marisol Palacios-Gálvez Elena Morales-Marente Iván Rodríguez-Pascual E. Begoña García-Navarro |
spellingShingle |
Estrella Gualda Andre Krouwel Marisol Palacios-Gálvez Elena Morales-Marente Iván Rodríguez-Pascual E. Begoña García-Navarro Social Distancing and COVID-19: Factors Associated With Compliance With Social Distancing Norms in Spain Frontiers in Psychology social distancing COVID-19 coronavirus disinformation conspiracy theories public health |
author_facet |
Estrella Gualda Andre Krouwel Marisol Palacios-Gálvez Elena Morales-Marente Iván Rodríguez-Pascual E. Begoña García-Navarro |
author_sort |
Estrella Gualda |
title |
Social Distancing and COVID-19: Factors Associated With Compliance With Social Distancing Norms in Spain |
title_short |
Social Distancing and COVID-19: Factors Associated With Compliance With Social Distancing Norms in Spain |
title_full |
Social Distancing and COVID-19: Factors Associated With Compliance With Social Distancing Norms in Spain |
title_fullStr |
Social Distancing and COVID-19: Factors Associated With Compliance With Social Distancing Norms in Spain |
title_full_unstemmed |
Social Distancing and COVID-19: Factors Associated With Compliance With Social Distancing Norms in Spain |
title_sort |
social distancing and covid-19: factors associated with compliance with social distancing norms in spain |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Psychology |
issn |
1664-1078 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
This article describes patterns of compliance with social distancing measures among the Spanish population during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It identifies several factors associated with higher or lower compliance with recommended measures of social distancing. This research is part of a 67-country study, titled the International COVID-19 study on Social & Moral Psychology, in which we use a Spanish dataset. Participants were residents in Spain aged 18 or above. The sample comprises 1,090 respondents, weighted to be representative of the Spanish population. Frequencies, correlations, bivariate analysis, and six models based on hierarchical multiple regressions were applied. The main finding is that most Spaniards are compliant with established guidelines of social distance during the pandemic (State of Alarm, before May 2020). Variables associated more with lower levels of compliance with these standards were explored. Six hierarchical multiple regression models found that compliance with social distance measures has a multifactorial explanation (R2 between 20.4 and 49.1%). Sociodemographic factors, personal hygiene patterns, and the interaction between personal hygiene patterns and the support for political measures related to the coronavirus brought significant effects on the regression models. Less compliance was also associated with beliefs in some specific conspiracy theories with regard to COVID-19 or general conspiracy mentality (Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire, CMQ), consumption patterns of traditional mass media (television, paper newspapers, magazines, and radio) and modern means to get informed (online digital newspapers, blogs, and social networks), political ideology, vote, trust in institutions, and political identification. Among the future lines of action in preventing the possible outbreak of the virus, we suggest measures to reinforce trust in official information, mainly linked to reducing the influence of disinformation and conspiracy theories parallel to the pandemic. |
topic |
social distancing COVID-19 coronavirus disinformation conspiracy theories public health |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727225/full |
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