Pharmacokinetics of β-Alanine Using Different Dosing Strategies
Introduction: The ergogenic response following long-term ingestion of β-alanine shows a high inter-individual variation. It is hypothesized that this variation is partially caused by a variable pharmacokinetic response induced by inferior dosing strategies. At this point most supplements are either...
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-08-01
|
Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnut.2018.00070/full |
id |
doaj-8d82ef31bdf141e099036e3883a536c9 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-8d82ef31bdf141e099036e3883a536c92020-11-25T00:54:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2018-08-01510.3389/fnut.2018.00070389572Pharmacokinetics of β-Alanine Using Different Dosing StrategiesJan StautemasInge EveraertFilip B. D. LefevereWim DeraveIntroduction: The ergogenic response following long-term ingestion of β-alanine shows a high inter-individual variation. It is hypothesized that this variation is partially caused by a variable pharmacokinetic response induced by inferior dosing strategies. At this point most supplements are either taken in a fixed amount (× g), as is the case with β-alanine, or relative to body weight (× g per kg BW), but there is currently neither consensus nor a scientific rationale on why these or other dosing strategies should be used. The aim of this study is to objectify and understand the variation in plasma pharmacokinetics of a single oral β-alanine dose supplemented as either a fixed or a weight-relative dose (WRD) in an anthropometric diverse sample.Methods: An anthropometric diverse sample ingested a fixed dose (1,400 mg) (n = 28) and a WRD of β-alanine (10 mg/kg BW) (n = 34) on separate occasions. Blood samples were taken before and at nine time points (up to 4 h) after β-alanine ingestion in order to establish a pharmacokinetic profile. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated by the trapezoidal rule. Plasma β-alanine was quantified using HPLC-fluorescence.Results: The variation coefficient (CV%) of the iAUC was 35.0% following ingestion of 1,400 mg β-alanine. Body weight explained 30.1% of the variance and was negatively correlated to iAUC (r = −0.549; p = 0.003). Interestingly, the CV% did not decrease with WRD (33.2%) and body weight was positively correlated to iAUC in response to the WRD (r = 0.488; p = 0.003).Conclusion: Both dosing strategies evoked an equally high inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetic plasma profile. Strikingly, while body weight explained a relevant part of the variation observed following a fixed dose, correction for body weight did not improve the homogeneity in β-alanine plasma response. We suggest to put more effort into the optimization of easy applicable and scientifically justified personalized dosing strategies.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnut.2018.00070/fullβ-alaninesports supplementspharmacokineticspersonalized nutritioncarnosine |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jan Stautemas Inge Everaert Filip B. D. Lefevere Wim Derave |
spellingShingle |
Jan Stautemas Inge Everaert Filip B. D. Lefevere Wim Derave Pharmacokinetics of β-Alanine Using Different Dosing Strategies Frontiers in Nutrition β-alanine sports supplements pharmacokinetics personalized nutrition carnosine |
author_facet |
Jan Stautemas Inge Everaert Filip B. D. Lefevere Wim Derave |
author_sort |
Jan Stautemas |
title |
Pharmacokinetics of β-Alanine Using Different Dosing Strategies |
title_short |
Pharmacokinetics of β-Alanine Using Different Dosing Strategies |
title_full |
Pharmacokinetics of β-Alanine Using Different Dosing Strategies |
title_fullStr |
Pharmacokinetics of β-Alanine Using Different Dosing Strategies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pharmacokinetics of β-Alanine Using Different Dosing Strategies |
title_sort |
pharmacokinetics of β-alanine using different dosing strategies |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Nutrition |
issn |
2296-861X |
publishDate |
2018-08-01 |
description |
Introduction: The ergogenic response following long-term ingestion of β-alanine shows a high inter-individual variation. It is hypothesized that this variation is partially caused by a variable pharmacokinetic response induced by inferior dosing strategies. At this point most supplements are either taken in a fixed amount (× g), as is the case with β-alanine, or relative to body weight (× g per kg BW), but there is currently neither consensus nor a scientific rationale on why these or other dosing strategies should be used. The aim of this study is to objectify and understand the variation in plasma pharmacokinetics of a single oral β-alanine dose supplemented as either a fixed or a weight-relative dose (WRD) in an anthropometric diverse sample.Methods: An anthropometric diverse sample ingested a fixed dose (1,400 mg) (n = 28) and a WRD of β-alanine (10 mg/kg BW) (n = 34) on separate occasions. Blood samples were taken before and at nine time points (up to 4 h) after β-alanine ingestion in order to establish a pharmacokinetic profile. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated by the trapezoidal rule. Plasma β-alanine was quantified using HPLC-fluorescence.Results: The variation coefficient (CV%) of the iAUC was 35.0% following ingestion of 1,400 mg β-alanine. Body weight explained 30.1% of the variance and was negatively correlated to iAUC (r = −0.549; p = 0.003). Interestingly, the CV% did not decrease with WRD (33.2%) and body weight was positively correlated to iAUC in response to the WRD (r = 0.488; p = 0.003).Conclusion: Both dosing strategies evoked an equally high inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetic plasma profile. Strikingly, while body weight explained a relevant part of the variation observed following a fixed dose, correction for body weight did not improve the homogeneity in β-alanine plasma response. We suggest to put more effort into the optimization of easy applicable and scientifically justified personalized dosing strategies. |
topic |
β-alanine sports supplements pharmacokinetics personalized nutrition carnosine |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnut.2018.00070/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT janstautemas pharmacokineticsofbalanineusingdifferentdosingstrategies AT ingeeveraert pharmacokineticsofbalanineusingdifferentdosingstrategies AT filipbdlefevere pharmacokineticsofbalanineusingdifferentdosingstrategies AT wimderave pharmacokineticsofbalanineusingdifferentdosingstrategies |
_version_ |
1725234092476203008 |