Transcriptomics Analysis of the Chinese Pear Pathotype of Alternaria alternata Gives Insights into Novel Mechanisms of HSAF Antifungal Activities
Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler is a lethal pear pathogen that causes leaf black spot disease of pear in Southern China. Heat-stable activity factor (HSAF) is a polycyclic tetramate macrolactam (PTM) produced by Lysobacter enzymogenes and many other microbes with a broad-spectrum antifungal ac...
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doaj-8dbcec7ce9a241fcb882776c7ac5dd152020-11-25T00:43:28ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672018-06-01197184110.3390/ijms19071841ijms19071841Transcriptomics Analysis of the Chinese Pear Pathotype of Alternaria alternata Gives Insights into Novel Mechanisms of HSAF Antifungal ActivitiesFeng He0Bingxin Li1Gan Ai2Alex Machio Kange3Yancun Zhao4Xiong Zhang5Yifan Jia6Daolong Dou7Fengquan Liu8Haiqun Cao9Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaAlternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler is a lethal pear pathogen that causes leaf black spot disease of pear in Southern China. Heat-stable activity factor (HSAF) is a polycyclic tetramate macrolactam (PTM) produced by Lysobacter enzymogenes and many other microbes with a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against many filamentous fungi. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal effect of HSAF against A. alternata and proposed its antifungal mechanism in A. alternata. We report that HSAF inhibited the mycelial growth of A. alternata in a dose-dependent manner. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that HSAF treatment resulted in an expression alteration of a wide range of genes, with 3729 genes being up-regulated, and 3640 genes being down-regulated. Furthermore, we observed that HSAF treatment disrupted multiple signaling networks and essential cellular metabolisms in A. alternata, including the AMPK signaling pathway, sphingolipid metabolism and signaling pathway, carbon metabolism and the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle, cell cycle, nitrogen metabolism, cell wall synthesis and a key hub protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). These observations suggest that HSAF breaches metabolism networks and ultimately induces increased thickness of the cell wall and apoptosis in A. alternata. The improved understanding of the antifungal mechanism of HSAF against filamentous fungi will aid in the future identification of the direct interaction target of HSAF and development of HSAF as a novel bio-fungicide.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/7/1841Alternaria alternatasignaling pathwaymetabolismHSAFantifungal mechanism |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Feng He Bingxin Li Gan Ai Alex Machio Kange Yancun Zhao Xiong Zhang Yifan Jia Daolong Dou Fengquan Liu Haiqun Cao |
spellingShingle |
Feng He Bingxin Li Gan Ai Alex Machio Kange Yancun Zhao Xiong Zhang Yifan Jia Daolong Dou Fengquan Liu Haiqun Cao Transcriptomics Analysis of the Chinese Pear Pathotype of Alternaria alternata Gives Insights into Novel Mechanisms of HSAF Antifungal Activities International Journal of Molecular Sciences Alternaria alternata signaling pathway metabolism HSAF antifungal mechanism |
author_facet |
Feng He Bingxin Li Gan Ai Alex Machio Kange Yancun Zhao Xiong Zhang Yifan Jia Daolong Dou Fengquan Liu Haiqun Cao |
author_sort |
Feng He |
title |
Transcriptomics Analysis of the Chinese Pear Pathotype of Alternaria alternata Gives Insights into Novel Mechanisms of HSAF Antifungal Activities |
title_short |
Transcriptomics Analysis of the Chinese Pear Pathotype of Alternaria alternata Gives Insights into Novel Mechanisms of HSAF Antifungal Activities |
title_full |
Transcriptomics Analysis of the Chinese Pear Pathotype of Alternaria alternata Gives Insights into Novel Mechanisms of HSAF Antifungal Activities |
title_fullStr |
Transcriptomics Analysis of the Chinese Pear Pathotype of Alternaria alternata Gives Insights into Novel Mechanisms of HSAF Antifungal Activities |
title_full_unstemmed |
Transcriptomics Analysis of the Chinese Pear Pathotype of Alternaria alternata Gives Insights into Novel Mechanisms of HSAF Antifungal Activities |
title_sort |
transcriptomics analysis of the chinese pear pathotype of alternaria alternata gives insights into novel mechanisms of hsaf antifungal activities |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2018-06-01 |
description |
Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler is a lethal pear pathogen that causes leaf black spot disease of pear in Southern China. Heat-stable activity factor (HSAF) is a polycyclic tetramate macrolactam (PTM) produced by Lysobacter enzymogenes and many other microbes with a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against many filamentous fungi. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal effect of HSAF against A. alternata and proposed its antifungal mechanism in A. alternata. We report that HSAF inhibited the mycelial growth of A. alternata in a dose-dependent manner. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that HSAF treatment resulted in an expression alteration of a wide range of genes, with 3729 genes being up-regulated, and 3640 genes being down-regulated. Furthermore, we observed that HSAF treatment disrupted multiple signaling networks and essential cellular metabolisms in A. alternata, including the AMPK signaling pathway, sphingolipid metabolism and signaling pathway, carbon metabolism and the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle, cell cycle, nitrogen metabolism, cell wall synthesis and a key hub protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). These observations suggest that HSAF breaches metabolism networks and ultimately induces increased thickness of the cell wall and apoptosis in A. alternata. The improved understanding of the antifungal mechanism of HSAF against filamentous fungi will aid in the future identification of the direct interaction target of HSAF and development of HSAF as a novel bio-fungicide. |
topic |
Alternaria alternata signaling pathway metabolism HSAF antifungal mechanism |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/7/1841 |
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