A Destruction Model of the Vascular and Lymphatic Systems in the Emergence of Psychiatric Symptoms
The lymphatic system is important for antigen presentation and immune surveillance. The lymphatic system in the brain was originally introduced by Giovanni Mascagni in 1787, while the rediscovery of it by Jonathan Kipnis and Kari Kustaa Alitalo now opens the door for a new interpretation of neurolog...
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doaj-8dea49167cce4d1aa31c7633d8623f252021-01-07T00:03:52ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-01-0110343410.3390/biology10010034A Destruction Model of the Vascular and Lymphatic Systems in the Emergence of Psychiatric SymptomsKohei Segawa0Yukari Blumenthal1Yuki Yamawaki2Gen Ohtsuki3Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8397, JapanUrology Department at Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDepartment of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8397, JapanDepartment of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8397, JapanThe lymphatic system is important for antigen presentation and immune surveillance. The lymphatic system in the brain was originally introduced by Giovanni Mascagni in 1787, while the rediscovery of it by Jonathan Kipnis and Kari Kustaa Alitalo now opens the door for a new interpretation of neurological diseases and therapeutic applications. The glymphatic system for the exchanges of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) is associated with the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is involved in the maintenance of immune privilege and homeostasis in the brain. Recent notions from studies of postmortem brains and clinical studies of neurodegenerative diseases, infection, and cerebral hemorrhage, implied that the breakdown of those barrier systems and infiltration of activated immune cells disrupt the function of both neurons and glia in the parenchyma (e.g., modulation of neurophysiological properties and maturation of myelination), which causes the abnormality in the functional connectivity of the entire brain network. Due to the vulnerability, such dysfunction may occur in developing brains as well as in senile or neurodegenerative diseases and may raise the risk of emergence of psychosis symptoms. Here, we introduce this hypothesis with a series of studies and cellular mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/1/34meningeal lymphlymphangiogenesisglymphatic systemimmune-cell infiltration into brain parenchymablood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdownimmune-triggered disruption of neuro-glial physiology |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kohei Segawa Yukari Blumenthal Yuki Yamawaki Gen Ohtsuki |
spellingShingle |
Kohei Segawa Yukari Blumenthal Yuki Yamawaki Gen Ohtsuki A Destruction Model of the Vascular and Lymphatic Systems in the Emergence of Psychiatric Symptoms Biology meningeal lymph lymphangiogenesis glymphatic system immune-cell infiltration into brain parenchyma blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown immune-triggered disruption of neuro-glial physiology |
author_facet |
Kohei Segawa Yukari Blumenthal Yuki Yamawaki Gen Ohtsuki |
author_sort |
Kohei Segawa |
title |
A Destruction Model of the Vascular and Lymphatic Systems in the Emergence of Psychiatric Symptoms |
title_short |
A Destruction Model of the Vascular and Lymphatic Systems in the Emergence of Psychiatric Symptoms |
title_full |
A Destruction Model of the Vascular and Lymphatic Systems in the Emergence of Psychiatric Symptoms |
title_fullStr |
A Destruction Model of the Vascular and Lymphatic Systems in the Emergence of Psychiatric Symptoms |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Destruction Model of the Vascular and Lymphatic Systems in the Emergence of Psychiatric Symptoms |
title_sort |
destruction model of the vascular and lymphatic systems in the emergence of psychiatric symptoms |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Biology |
issn |
2079-7737 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
The lymphatic system is important for antigen presentation and immune surveillance. The lymphatic system in the brain was originally introduced by Giovanni Mascagni in 1787, while the rediscovery of it by Jonathan Kipnis and Kari Kustaa Alitalo now opens the door for a new interpretation of neurological diseases and therapeutic applications. The glymphatic system for the exchanges of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) is associated with the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is involved in the maintenance of immune privilege and homeostasis in the brain. Recent notions from studies of postmortem brains and clinical studies of neurodegenerative diseases, infection, and cerebral hemorrhage, implied that the breakdown of those barrier systems and infiltration of activated immune cells disrupt the function of both neurons and glia in the parenchyma (e.g., modulation of neurophysiological properties and maturation of myelination), which causes the abnormality in the functional connectivity of the entire brain network. Due to the vulnerability, such dysfunction may occur in developing brains as well as in senile or neurodegenerative diseases and may raise the risk of emergence of psychosis symptoms. Here, we introduce this hypothesis with a series of studies and cellular mechanisms. |
topic |
meningeal lymph lymphangiogenesis glymphatic system immune-cell infiltration into brain parenchyma blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown immune-triggered disruption of neuro-glial physiology |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/1/34 |
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