Panax notoginseng Attenuates the Infarct Volume in Rat Ischemic Brain and the Inflammatory Response of Microglia
The roots of Panax notoginseng (PN) are commonly used as a therapeutic agent to stop hemorrhage and as a tonic to promote health in traditional Korean medicine. Stroke triggers an inflammatory response that not only plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, but also induces seco...
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doaj-8e23efac37474e1aa482d80f03cff8442020-11-25T01:07:36ZengElsevierJournal of Pharmacological Sciences1347-86132009-01-011093368379Panax notoginseng Attenuates the Infarct Volume in Rat Ischemic Brain and the Inflammatory Response of MicrogliaHye Young Son0Hyung Soo Han1Hyo Won Jung2Yong-Ki Park3Oriental Medicine Drug R&D Center and Oriental Medicine Research Institute, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, South KoreaDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, South KoreaOriental Medicine Drug R&D Center and Oriental Medicine Research Institute, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, South KoreaOriental Medicine Drug R&D Center and Oriental Medicine Research Institute, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, South Korea; Corresponding author. yongki@dongguk.ac.krThe roots of Panax notoginseng (PN) are commonly used as a therapeutic agent to stop hemorrhage and as a tonic to promote health in traditional Korean medicine. Stroke triggers an inflammatory response that not only plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, but also induces secondary damage. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of the methanol extract of PN on the infarct volume induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) (90-min occlusion and 24-h reperfusion) in rat brains. The PN extract (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 2 h after the onset of MCAO. The PN-treated groups had a reduction in infarct volume by 23.82 ± 8.9%. In the PN extract–treated groups, the microglial density was significantly decreased in the peri-infarct region; the underlying mechanism was inhibition of inflammatory mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, via blocking of the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed that the PN extract significantly reduced the production of iNOS-derived NO and COX-2– derived prostaglandin E2 through the regulation of gene transcription levels in primary microglia and BV-2 cells. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory and microglial activation inhibitory effects of the PN extract may contribute to its neuroprotective effects in brain ischemia. Keywords:: inflammation, microglia, Panax notoginseng, strokehttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1347861319312551 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hye Young Son Hyung Soo Han Hyo Won Jung Yong-Ki Park |
spellingShingle |
Hye Young Son Hyung Soo Han Hyo Won Jung Yong-Ki Park Panax notoginseng Attenuates the Infarct Volume in Rat Ischemic Brain and the Inflammatory Response of Microglia Journal of Pharmacological Sciences |
author_facet |
Hye Young Son Hyung Soo Han Hyo Won Jung Yong-Ki Park |
author_sort |
Hye Young Son |
title |
Panax notoginseng Attenuates the Infarct Volume in Rat Ischemic Brain and the Inflammatory Response of Microglia |
title_short |
Panax notoginseng Attenuates the Infarct Volume in Rat Ischemic Brain and the Inflammatory Response of Microglia |
title_full |
Panax notoginseng Attenuates the Infarct Volume in Rat Ischemic Brain and the Inflammatory Response of Microglia |
title_fullStr |
Panax notoginseng Attenuates the Infarct Volume in Rat Ischemic Brain and the Inflammatory Response of Microglia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Panax notoginseng Attenuates the Infarct Volume in Rat Ischemic Brain and the Inflammatory Response of Microglia |
title_sort |
panax notoginseng attenuates the infarct volume in rat ischemic brain and the inflammatory response of microglia |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences |
issn |
1347-8613 |
publishDate |
2009-01-01 |
description |
The roots of Panax notoginseng (PN) are commonly used as a therapeutic agent to stop hemorrhage and as a tonic to promote health in traditional Korean medicine. Stroke triggers an inflammatory response that not only plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, but also induces secondary damage. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of the methanol extract of PN on the infarct volume induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) (90-min occlusion and 24-h reperfusion) in rat brains. The PN extract (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 2 h after the onset of MCAO. The PN-treated groups had a reduction in infarct volume by 23.82 ± 8.9%. In the PN extract–treated groups, the microglial density was significantly decreased in the peri-infarct region; the underlying mechanism was inhibition of inflammatory mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, via blocking of the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed that the PN extract significantly reduced the production of iNOS-derived NO and COX-2– derived prostaglandin E2 through the regulation of gene transcription levels in primary microglia and BV-2 cells. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory and microglial activation inhibitory effects of the PN extract may contribute to its neuroprotective effects in brain ischemia. Keywords:: inflammation, microglia, Panax notoginseng, stroke |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1347861319312551 |
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