The Long-Term Change of Latent Heat Flux over the Western Tibetan Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been experiencing warming and wetting since the 1980s. Under such circumstances, we estimated the summer latent heat flux (<i>LE</i>) using the maximum entropy production model driven by the net radiation, surface temperature, and soil moisture of three reana...

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Main Authors:	Na Li, Ping Zhao, Jingfeng Wang, Yi Deng
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2020-03-01
Series:	Atmosphere
Subjects:	latent heat flux western tibetan plateau mep model long-term variation
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/3/262

id	doaj-8ea60c1e09974505b5f99fefce891cd4
record_format	Article
spelling	doaj-8ea60c1e09974505b5f99fefce891cd42020-11-25T02:57:28ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332020-03-0111326210.3390/atmos11030262atmos11030262The Long-Term Change of Latent Heat Flux over the Western Tibetan PlateauNa Li0Ping Zhao1Jingfeng Wang2Yi Deng3State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USASchool of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USAThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been experiencing warming and wetting since the 1980s. Under such circumstances, we estimated the summer latent heat flux (<i>LE</i>) using the maximum entropy production model driven by the net radiation, surface temperature, and soil moisture of three reanalysis datasets (ERA5, JRA-55, and MERRA-2) at the Ali site over the western TP during 1980-2018. Compared with the observed <i>LE</i> of the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Scientific Experiment, the coefficient of determination, root-mean-square error, and mean bias error of the estimated summer<i> LE</i> are 0.57, 9.3 W m<sup>−2</sup>, and −2.25 W m<sup>−2</sup> during 2014-2016, respectively, which are better than those of <i>LE</i> of the reanalysis datasets. The estimated long-term summer <i>LE</i> presents a decreasing (an increasing) trend of −7.4 (1.8) W m<sup>−2 </sup>decade<sup>−1</sup> during 1980-1991 (1992-2018). The <i>LE</i> variation is closely associated with the local soil moisture influenced by precipitation, glacier, and near-surface water conditions at the Ali site. The summer soil moisture also presents a decreasing (an increasing) trend of −0.082 (0.022) decade<sup>−1</sup> during 1980-1991 (1992-2018). The normalized difference vegetation index generally shows the consistent trend with <i>LE</i> at the Ali site.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/3/262latent heat fluxwestern tibetan plateaumep modellong-term variation
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Na Li Ping Zhao Jingfeng Wang Yi Deng
spellingShingle	Na Li Ping Zhao Jingfeng Wang Yi Deng The Long-Term Change of Latent Heat Flux over the Western Tibetan Plateau Atmosphere latent heat flux western tibetan plateau mep model long-term variation
author_facet	Na Li Ping Zhao Jingfeng Wang Yi Deng
author_sort	Na Li
title	The Long-Term Change of Latent Heat Flux over the Western Tibetan Plateau
title_short	The Long-Term Change of Latent Heat Flux over the Western Tibetan Plateau
title_full	The Long-Term Change of Latent Heat Flux over the Western Tibetan Plateau
title_fullStr	The Long-Term Change of Latent Heat Flux over the Western Tibetan Plateau
title_full_unstemmed	The Long-Term Change of Latent Heat Flux over the Western Tibetan Plateau
title_sort	long-term change of latent heat flux over the western tibetan plateau
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Atmosphere
issn	2073-4433
publishDate	2020-03-01
description	The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been experiencing warming and wetting since the 1980s. Under such circumstances, we estimated the summer latent heat flux (<i>LE</i>) using the maximum entropy production model driven by the net radiation, surface temperature, and soil moisture of three reanalysis datasets (ERA5, JRA-55, and MERRA-2) at the Ali site over the western TP during 1980-2018. Compared with the observed <i>LE</i> of the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Scientific Experiment, the coefficient of determination, root-mean-square error, and mean bias error of the estimated summer<i> LE</i> are 0.57, 9.3 W m<sup>−2</sup>, and −2.25 W m<sup>−2</sup> during 2014-2016, respectively, which are better than those of <i>LE</i> of the reanalysis datasets. The estimated long-term summer <i>LE</i> presents a decreasing (an increasing) trend of −7.4 (1.8) W m<sup>−2 </sup>decade<sup>−1</sup> during 1980-1991 (1992-2018). The <i>LE</i> variation is closely associated with the local soil moisture influenced by precipitation, glacier, and near-surface water conditions at the Ali site. The summer soil moisture also presents a decreasing (an increasing) trend of −0.082 (0.022) decade<sup>−1</sup> during 1980-1991 (1992-2018). The normalized difference vegetation index generally shows the consistent trend with <i>LE</i> at the Ali site.
topic	latent heat flux western tibetan plateau mep model long-term variation
url	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/3/262
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The Long-Term Change of Latent Heat Flux over the Western Tibetan Plateau

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