Immunopathogenesis and Virus–Host Interactions of Enterovirus 71 in Patients with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a global infectious disease that affects millions of people. The virus is the main etiological agent for hand, foot, and mouth disease with outbreaks and epidemics being reported globally. Infection can cause severe neurological, cardiac, and respiratory problems in children...
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doaj-8eeba7f6f6944f0cad8293a5e13deac42020-11-24T20:57:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2017-11-01810.3389/fmicb.2017.02249287799Immunopathogenesis and Virus–Host Interactions of Enterovirus 71 in Patients with Hand, Foot and Mouth DiseaseJonathan A. Cox0Jonathan A. Cox1Julian A. Hiscox2Julian A. Hiscox3Julian A. Hiscox4Tom Solomon5Tom Solomon6Tom Solomon7Mong-How Ooi8Mong-How Ooi9Lisa F. P. Ng10Lisa F. P. Ng11Lisa F. P. Ng12Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United KingdomSingapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, SingaporeInstitute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United KingdomSingapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, SingaporeNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United KingdomInstitute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United KingdomNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United KingdomWalton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United KingdomInstitute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Samarahan, MalaysiaDepartment of Paediatrics, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, MalaysiaInstitute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United KingdomSingapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, SingaporeNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United KingdomEnterovirus 71 (EV71) is a global infectious disease that affects millions of people. The virus is the main etiological agent for hand, foot, and mouth disease with outbreaks and epidemics being reported globally. Infection can cause severe neurological, cardiac, and respiratory problems in children under the age of 5. Despite on-going efforts, little is known about the pathogenesis of EV71, how the host immune system responds to the virus and the molecular mechanisms behind these responses. Moreover, current animal models remain limited, because they do not recapitulate similar disease patterns and symptoms observed in humans. In this review the role of the host–viral interactions of EV71 are discussed together with the various models available to examine: how EV71 utilizes its proteins to cleave host factors and proteins, aiding virus replication; how EV71 uses its own viral proteins to disrupt host immune responses and aid in its immune evasion. These discoveries along with others, such as the EV71 crystal structure, have provided possible targets for treatment and drug interventions.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02249/fullEnterovirus 71EV71handfootand mouth diseasepathogenesis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jonathan A. Cox Jonathan A. Cox Julian A. Hiscox Julian A. Hiscox Julian A. Hiscox Tom Solomon Tom Solomon Tom Solomon Mong-How Ooi Mong-How Ooi Lisa F. P. Ng Lisa F. P. Ng Lisa F. P. Ng |
spellingShingle |
Jonathan A. Cox Jonathan A. Cox Julian A. Hiscox Julian A. Hiscox Julian A. Hiscox Tom Solomon Tom Solomon Tom Solomon Mong-How Ooi Mong-How Ooi Lisa F. P. Ng Lisa F. P. Ng Lisa F. P. Ng Immunopathogenesis and Virus–Host Interactions of Enterovirus 71 in Patients with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Frontiers in Microbiology Enterovirus 71 EV71 hand foot and mouth disease pathogenesis |
author_facet |
Jonathan A. Cox Jonathan A. Cox Julian A. Hiscox Julian A. Hiscox Julian A. Hiscox Tom Solomon Tom Solomon Tom Solomon Mong-How Ooi Mong-How Ooi Lisa F. P. Ng Lisa F. P. Ng Lisa F. P. Ng |
author_sort |
Jonathan A. Cox |
title |
Immunopathogenesis and Virus–Host Interactions of Enterovirus 71 in Patients with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease |
title_short |
Immunopathogenesis and Virus–Host Interactions of Enterovirus 71 in Patients with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease |
title_full |
Immunopathogenesis and Virus–Host Interactions of Enterovirus 71 in Patients with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease |
title_fullStr |
Immunopathogenesis and Virus–Host Interactions of Enterovirus 71 in Patients with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
Immunopathogenesis and Virus–Host Interactions of Enterovirus 71 in Patients with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease |
title_sort |
immunopathogenesis and virus–host interactions of enterovirus 71 in patients with hand, foot and mouth disease |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
issn |
1664-302X |
publishDate |
2017-11-01 |
description |
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a global infectious disease that affects millions of people. The virus is the main etiological agent for hand, foot, and mouth disease with outbreaks and epidemics being reported globally. Infection can cause severe neurological, cardiac, and respiratory problems in children under the age of 5. Despite on-going efforts, little is known about the pathogenesis of EV71, how the host immune system responds to the virus and the molecular mechanisms behind these responses. Moreover, current animal models remain limited, because they do not recapitulate similar disease patterns and symptoms observed in humans. In this review the role of the host–viral interactions of EV71 are discussed together with the various models available to examine: how EV71 utilizes its proteins to cleave host factors and proteins, aiding virus replication; how EV71 uses its own viral proteins to disrupt host immune responses and aid in its immune evasion. These discoveries along with others, such as the EV71 crystal structure, have provided possible targets for treatment and drug interventions. |
topic |
Enterovirus 71 EV71 hand foot and mouth disease pathogenesis |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02249/full |
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