The Evolution of G-quadruplex Structure in mRNA Untranslated Region
The RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) is a kind of non-canonical high-order secondary structure with important biological functions and is enriched in untranslated regions (UTRs) of protein-coding genes. However, how rG4 structures evolve is largely unknown. Here, we systematically investigated the evolution o...
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doaj-8ef28552aa7845f5a8cb20aec5197cb02021-07-21T21:34:09ZengSAGE PublishingEvolutionary Bioinformatics1176-93432021-07-011710.1177/11769343211035140The Evolution of G-quadruplex Structure in mRNA Untranslated RegionTing Qi0Yuming Xu1Tong Zhou2Wanjun Gu3State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USASchool of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaThe RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) is a kind of non-canonical high-order secondary structure with important biological functions and is enriched in untranslated regions (UTRs) of protein-coding genes. However, how rG4 structures evolve is largely unknown. Here, we systematically investigated the evolution of RNA sequences around UTR rG4 structures in 5 eukaryotic organisms. We found universal selection on UTR sequences, which facilitated rG4 formation in all the organisms that we analyzed. While G -rich sequences were preferred in the rG4 structural region, C -rich sequences were selectively not preferred. The selective pressure acting on rG4 structures in the UTRs of genes with higher G content was significantly smaller. Furthermore, we found that rG4 structures experienced smaller evolutionary selection near the translation initiation region in the 5′ UTR, near the polyadenylation signals in the 3′ UTR, and in regions flanking the miRNA targets in the 3′ UTR. These results suggest universal selection for rG4 formation in the UTRs of eukaryotic genomes and the selection may be related to the biological functions of rG4s.https://doi.org/10.1177/11769343211035140 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ting Qi Yuming Xu Tong Zhou Wanjun Gu |
spellingShingle |
Ting Qi Yuming Xu Tong Zhou Wanjun Gu The Evolution of G-quadruplex Structure in mRNA Untranslated Region Evolutionary Bioinformatics |
author_facet |
Ting Qi Yuming Xu Tong Zhou Wanjun Gu |
author_sort |
Ting Qi |
title |
The Evolution of G-quadruplex Structure in mRNA Untranslated Region |
title_short |
The Evolution of G-quadruplex Structure in mRNA Untranslated Region |
title_full |
The Evolution of G-quadruplex Structure in mRNA Untranslated Region |
title_fullStr |
The Evolution of G-quadruplex Structure in mRNA Untranslated Region |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Evolution of G-quadruplex Structure in mRNA Untranslated Region |
title_sort |
evolution of g-quadruplex structure in mrna untranslated region |
publisher |
SAGE Publishing |
series |
Evolutionary Bioinformatics |
issn |
1176-9343 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
The RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) is a kind of non-canonical high-order secondary structure with important biological functions and is enriched in untranslated regions (UTRs) of protein-coding genes. However, how rG4 structures evolve is largely unknown. Here, we systematically investigated the evolution of RNA sequences around UTR rG4 structures in 5 eukaryotic organisms. We found universal selection on UTR sequences, which facilitated rG4 formation in all the organisms that we analyzed. While G -rich sequences were preferred in the rG4 structural region, C -rich sequences were selectively not preferred. The selective pressure acting on rG4 structures in the UTRs of genes with higher G content was significantly smaller. Furthermore, we found that rG4 structures experienced smaller evolutionary selection near the translation initiation region in the 5′ UTR, near the polyadenylation signals in the 3′ UTR, and in regions flanking the miRNA targets in the 3′ UTR. These results suggest universal selection for rG4 formation in the UTRs of eukaryotic genomes and the selection may be related to the biological functions of rG4s. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1177/11769343211035140 |
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