Tune Up In Situ Autovaccination against Solid Tumors with Oncolytic Viruses
With the progress of immunotherapy in cancer, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted more and more attention during the past decade. Due to their cancer-selective and immunogenic properties, OVs are considered ideal candidates to be combined with immunotherapy to increase both specificity and effica...
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2018-05-01
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doaj-8f9a4634f8ef4435851ec66bb61723d62020-11-24T23:12:14ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942018-05-0110617110.3390/cancers10060171cancers10060171Tune Up In Situ Autovaccination against Solid Tumors with Oncolytic VirusesTeresa Nguyen0Naze G. Avci1Dong Ho Shin2Naiara Martinez-Velez3Hong Jiang4Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6767 Bertner St., Houston, TX 77030, USANeurosurgery Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USADepartment of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6767 Bertner St., Houston, TX 77030, USAPediatric Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6767 Bertner St., Houston, TX 77030, USAWith the progress of immunotherapy in cancer, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted more and more attention during the past decade. Due to their cancer-selective and immunogenic properties, OVs are considered ideal candidates to be combined with immunotherapy to increase both specificity and efficacy in cancer treatment. OVs preferentially replicate in and lyse cancer cells, resulting in in situ autovaccination leading to adaptive anti-virus and anti-tumor immunity. The main challenge in OV approaches is how to redirect the host immunity from anti-virus to anti-tumor and optimize the clinical outcome of cancer patients. Here, we summarize the conceptual updates on oncolytic virotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer, and the development of strategies to enhance the virus-mediated anti-tumor immune response, including: (1) arm OVs with cytokines to modulate innate and adaptive immunity; (2) combining OVs with immune checkpoint inhibitors to release T cell inhibition; (3) combining OVs with immune co-stimulators to enhance T cell activation. Future studies need to be enforced on developing strategies to augment the systemic effect on metastasized tumors.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/10/6/171oncolytic virusin situ autovaccinationcytokineimmune checkpoint inhibitorimmune co-stimulator |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Teresa Nguyen Naze G. Avci Dong Ho Shin Naiara Martinez-Velez Hong Jiang |
spellingShingle |
Teresa Nguyen Naze G. Avci Dong Ho Shin Naiara Martinez-Velez Hong Jiang Tune Up In Situ Autovaccination against Solid Tumors with Oncolytic Viruses Cancers oncolytic virus in situ autovaccination cytokine immune checkpoint inhibitor immune co-stimulator |
author_facet |
Teresa Nguyen Naze G. Avci Dong Ho Shin Naiara Martinez-Velez Hong Jiang |
author_sort |
Teresa Nguyen |
title |
Tune Up In Situ Autovaccination against Solid Tumors with Oncolytic Viruses |
title_short |
Tune Up In Situ Autovaccination against Solid Tumors with Oncolytic Viruses |
title_full |
Tune Up In Situ Autovaccination against Solid Tumors with Oncolytic Viruses |
title_fullStr |
Tune Up In Situ Autovaccination against Solid Tumors with Oncolytic Viruses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tune Up In Situ Autovaccination against Solid Tumors with Oncolytic Viruses |
title_sort |
tune up in situ autovaccination against solid tumors with oncolytic viruses |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Cancers |
issn |
2072-6694 |
publishDate |
2018-05-01 |
description |
With the progress of immunotherapy in cancer, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted more and more attention during the past decade. Due to their cancer-selective and immunogenic properties, OVs are considered ideal candidates to be combined with immunotherapy to increase both specificity and efficacy in cancer treatment. OVs preferentially replicate in and lyse cancer cells, resulting in in situ autovaccination leading to adaptive anti-virus and anti-tumor immunity. The main challenge in OV approaches is how to redirect the host immunity from anti-virus to anti-tumor and optimize the clinical outcome of cancer patients. Here, we summarize the conceptual updates on oncolytic virotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer, and the development of strategies to enhance the virus-mediated anti-tumor immune response, including: (1) arm OVs with cytokines to modulate innate and adaptive immunity; (2) combining OVs with immune checkpoint inhibitors to release T cell inhibition; (3) combining OVs with immune co-stimulators to enhance T cell activation. Future studies need to be enforced on developing strategies to augment the systemic effect on metastasized tumors. |
topic |
oncolytic virus in situ autovaccination cytokine immune checkpoint inhibitor immune co-stimulator |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/10/6/171 |
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