Pigtail catheter drainage and surgery in severe acute pancreatitis

• Main Authors: Manish Kumar, Sakthivel Chinnakkulam Kandhasamy, Ashok Kumar Sahoo, Anandhi Amaranathan, Mangala Goneppanavar, Vishnu Prasad Nelamangala Ramakrishnaiah
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2019-10-01
• Series: JGH Open
• Subjects: open necrosectomy; pigtail drainage; severe acute pancreatitis; step‐up approach
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.12182

Background and Aim Severe acute pancreatitis is initially managed with conservative treatment. Patients who failed conservative management were effectively treated with pigtail drainage. Factors predicting surgery remain uncertain. Methods A total of 58 patients with severe acute pancreatitis presenting to JIPMER Hospital were studied and managed with a step‐up approach. In this prospective observational study, patients were divided into three groups based on the final mode of treatment received: conservative, pigtail alone, and surgery groups. Results Of 58 patients, 30 patients were managed with conservative treatment, 20 patients with pigtail alone, and 8 patients underwent surgical treatment after pigtail failure. Overall sepsis reversal was achieved in 22 of 28 (78.5%) patients: 18 were in the pigtail alone group, and 4 were in surgery group, which was statistically significant (P = 0.03). Respiratory failure was the most common organ failure, 68.9%, and overall mortality was 8.62 in this study. On univariate analysis, absence of sepsis reversal within 2 weeks of pigtail insertion is a predictor of need of surgery. Other significant findings were higher catheter‐related complications in the surgery group (P = 0.01) and a 100% unimicrobial infection in the surgery group (P = 0.02). Overall mortality was 8.6%, which did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion The step‐up approach avoided unnecessary intervention, and 52% patients recovered by conservative treatment alone. Sepsis reversal within 2 weeks of pigtail insertion can be used as a predictor of surgery in the early course of severe acute pancreatitis managed by the step‐up approach.