Are ketogenic diets promising for Alzheimer’s disease? A translational review
Abstract Background Brain amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with complex neuroinflammatory reactions such as microglial activation and cytokine production. Glucose metabolism is closely related to neuroinflammation. Ketogenic diets (KDs) includ...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2020-04-01
|
Series: | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13195-020-00615-4 |
id |
doaj-9018620cc7a64355ad53961e4d165a35 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-9018620cc7a64355ad53961e4d165a352020-11-25T01:47:56ZengBMCAlzheimer’s Research & Therapy1758-91932020-04-0112111010.1186/s13195-020-00615-4Are ketogenic diets promising for Alzheimer’s disease? A translational reviewMatthieu Lilamand0Baptiste Porte1Emmanuel Cognat2Jacques Hugon3François Mouton-Liger4Claire Paquet5INSERM U1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université de ParisINSERM U1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université de ParisINSERM U1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université de ParisINSERM U1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université de ParisINSERM U1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université de ParisINSERM U1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université de ParisAbstract Background Brain amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with complex neuroinflammatory reactions such as microglial activation and cytokine production. Glucose metabolism is closely related to neuroinflammation. Ketogenic diets (KDs) include a high amount of fat, low carbohydrate and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) intake. KDs lead to the production of ketone bodies to fuel the brain, in the absence of glucose. These nutritional interventions are validated treatments of pharmacoresistant epilepsy, consequently leading to a better intellectual development in epileptic children. In neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline, potential benefits of KD were previously pointed out, but the published evidence remains scarce. The main objective of this review was to critically examine the evidence regarding KD or MCT intake effects both in AD and ageing animal models and in humans. Main body We conducted a review based on a systematic search of interventional trials published from January 2000 to March 2019 found on MEDLINE and Cochrane databases. Overall, 11 animal and 11 human studies were included in the present review. In preclinical studies, this review revealed an improvement of cognition and motor function in AD mouse model and ageing animals. However, the KD and ketone supplementation were also associated with significant weight loss. In human studies, most of the published articles showed a significant improvement of cognitive outcomes (global cognition, memory and executive functions) with ketone supplementation or KD, regardless of the severity of cognitive impairments previously detected. Both interventions seemed acceptable and efficient to achieve ketosis. Conclusion The KD or MCT intake might be promising ways to alter cognitive symptoms in AD, especially at the prodromal stage of the disease. The need for efficient disease-modifying strategies suggests to pursue further KD interventional studies to assess the efficacy, the adherence to this diet and the potential adverse effects of these nutritional approaches.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13195-020-00615-4Ketogenic dietAlzheimer’s diseaseBrain metabolismAnimal models |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Matthieu Lilamand Baptiste Porte Emmanuel Cognat Jacques Hugon François Mouton-Liger Claire Paquet |
spellingShingle |
Matthieu Lilamand Baptiste Porte Emmanuel Cognat Jacques Hugon François Mouton-Liger Claire Paquet Are ketogenic diets promising for Alzheimer’s disease? A translational review Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy Ketogenic diet Alzheimer’s disease Brain metabolism Animal models |
author_facet |
Matthieu Lilamand Baptiste Porte Emmanuel Cognat Jacques Hugon François Mouton-Liger Claire Paquet |
author_sort |
Matthieu Lilamand |
title |
Are ketogenic diets promising for Alzheimer’s disease? A translational review |
title_short |
Are ketogenic diets promising for Alzheimer’s disease? A translational review |
title_full |
Are ketogenic diets promising for Alzheimer’s disease? A translational review |
title_fullStr |
Are ketogenic diets promising for Alzheimer’s disease? A translational review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Are ketogenic diets promising for Alzheimer’s disease? A translational review |
title_sort |
are ketogenic diets promising for alzheimer’s disease? a translational review |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy |
issn |
1758-9193 |
publishDate |
2020-04-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Brain amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with complex neuroinflammatory reactions such as microglial activation and cytokine production. Glucose metabolism is closely related to neuroinflammation. Ketogenic diets (KDs) include a high amount of fat, low carbohydrate and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) intake. KDs lead to the production of ketone bodies to fuel the brain, in the absence of glucose. These nutritional interventions are validated treatments of pharmacoresistant epilepsy, consequently leading to a better intellectual development in epileptic children. In neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline, potential benefits of KD were previously pointed out, but the published evidence remains scarce. The main objective of this review was to critically examine the evidence regarding KD or MCT intake effects both in AD and ageing animal models and in humans. Main body We conducted a review based on a systematic search of interventional trials published from January 2000 to March 2019 found on MEDLINE and Cochrane databases. Overall, 11 animal and 11 human studies were included in the present review. In preclinical studies, this review revealed an improvement of cognition and motor function in AD mouse model and ageing animals. However, the KD and ketone supplementation were also associated with significant weight loss. In human studies, most of the published articles showed a significant improvement of cognitive outcomes (global cognition, memory and executive functions) with ketone supplementation or KD, regardless of the severity of cognitive impairments previously detected. Both interventions seemed acceptable and efficient to achieve ketosis. Conclusion The KD or MCT intake might be promising ways to alter cognitive symptoms in AD, especially at the prodromal stage of the disease. The need for efficient disease-modifying strategies suggests to pursue further KD interventional studies to assess the efficacy, the adherence to this diet and the potential adverse effects of these nutritional approaches. |
topic |
Ketogenic diet Alzheimer’s disease Brain metabolism Animal models |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13195-020-00615-4 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT matthieulilamand areketogenicdietspromisingforalzheimersdiseaseatranslationalreview AT baptisteporte areketogenicdietspromisingforalzheimersdiseaseatranslationalreview AT emmanuelcognat areketogenicdietspromisingforalzheimersdiseaseatranslationalreview AT jacqueshugon areketogenicdietspromisingforalzheimersdiseaseatranslationalreview AT francoismoutonliger areketogenicdietspromisingforalzheimersdiseaseatranslationalreview AT clairepaquet areketogenicdietspromisingforalzheimersdiseaseatranslationalreview |
_version_ |
1725013865008201728 |