Extracellular Vesicles: New Tools for Early Diagnosis of Breast and Genitourinary Cancers
Breast cancers and cancers of the genitourinary tract are the most common malignancies among men and women and are still characterized by high mortality rates. In order to improve the outcomes, early diagnosis is crucial, ideally by applying non-invasive and specific biomarkers. A key role in this f...
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doaj-90309d153ce841a1b36087bab55778ff2021-08-26T13:51:20ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-08-01228430843010.3390/ijms22168430Extracellular Vesicles: New Tools for Early Diagnosis of Breast and Genitourinary CancersAnna Testa0Emilio Venturelli1Maria Felice Brizzi2Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, ItalyBreast cancers and cancers of the genitourinary tract are the most common malignancies among men and women and are still characterized by high mortality rates. In order to improve the outcomes, early diagnosis is crucial, ideally by applying non-invasive and specific biomarkers. A key role in this field is played by extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid bilayer-delimited structures shed from the surface of almost all cell types, including cancer cells. Subcellular structures contained in EVs such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids can be isolated and exploited as biomarkers, since they directly stem from parental cells. Furthermore, it is becoming even more evident that different body fluids can also serve as sources of EVs for diagnostic purposes. In this review, EV isolation and characterization methods are described. Moreover, the potential contribution of EV cargo for diagnostic discovery purposes is described for each tumor.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/16/8430oncologyextracellular vesiclesliquid biopsy |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Anna Testa Emilio Venturelli Maria Felice Brizzi |
spellingShingle |
Anna Testa Emilio Venturelli Maria Felice Brizzi Extracellular Vesicles: New Tools for Early Diagnosis of Breast and Genitourinary Cancers International Journal of Molecular Sciences oncology extracellular vesicles liquid biopsy |
author_facet |
Anna Testa Emilio Venturelli Maria Felice Brizzi |
author_sort |
Anna Testa |
title |
Extracellular Vesicles: New Tools for Early Diagnosis of Breast and Genitourinary Cancers |
title_short |
Extracellular Vesicles: New Tools for Early Diagnosis of Breast and Genitourinary Cancers |
title_full |
Extracellular Vesicles: New Tools for Early Diagnosis of Breast and Genitourinary Cancers |
title_fullStr |
Extracellular Vesicles: New Tools for Early Diagnosis of Breast and Genitourinary Cancers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extracellular Vesicles: New Tools for Early Diagnosis of Breast and Genitourinary Cancers |
title_sort |
extracellular vesicles: new tools for early diagnosis of breast and genitourinary cancers |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Breast cancers and cancers of the genitourinary tract are the most common malignancies among men and women and are still characterized by high mortality rates. In order to improve the outcomes, early diagnosis is crucial, ideally by applying non-invasive and specific biomarkers. A key role in this field is played by extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid bilayer-delimited structures shed from the surface of almost all cell types, including cancer cells. Subcellular structures contained in EVs such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids can be isolated and exploited as biomarkers, since they directly stem from parental cells. Furthermore, it is becoming even more evident that different body fluids can also serve as sources of EVs for diagnostic purposes. In this review, EV isolation and characterization methods are described. Moreover, the potential contribution of EV cargo for diagnostic discovery purposes is described for each tumor. |
topic |
oncology extracellular vesicles liquid biopsy |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/16/8430 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT annatesta extracellularvesiclesnewtoolsforearlydiagnosisofbreastandgenitourinarycancers AT emilioventurelli extracellularvesiclesnewtoolsforearlydiagnosisofbreastandgenitourinarycancers AT mariafelicebrizzi extracellularvesiclesnewtoolsforearlydiagnosisofbreastandgenitourinarycancers |
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