Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal?

Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal?

In the past two decades, tRNA molecules and their corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) have been extensively used in synthetic biology to genetically encode post-translationally modified and unnatural amino acids. In this review, we briefly examine one fundamental requirement for the succ...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sergey V. Melnikov, Dieter Söll
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-04-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
synthetic biology
expanded genetic code
tRNA
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
orthogonal translation systems
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/8/1929
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spelling doaj-9051c15ecdeb4c349eafc49f6abfc0082020-11-24T21:46:51ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-04-01208192910.3390/ijms20081929ijms20081929Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal?Sergey V. Melnikov0Dieter Söll1Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USADepartment of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USAIn the past two decades, tRNA molecules and their corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) have been extensively used in synthetic biology to genetically encode post-translationally modified and unnatural amino acids. In this review, we briefly examine one fundamental requirement for the successful application of tRNA/aaRS pairs for expanding the genetic code. This requirement is known as “orthogonality„—the ability of a tRNA and its corresponding aaRS to interact exclusively with each other and avoid cross-reactions with additional types of tRNAs and aaRSs in a given organism.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/8/1929synthetic biologyexpanded genetic codetRNAaminoacyl-tRNA synthetasesorthogonal translation systems
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Sergey V. Melnikov
Dieter Söll
spellingShingle Sergey V. Melnikov
Dieter Söll
Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal?
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
synthetic biology
expanded genetic code
tRNA
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
orthogonal translation systems
author_facet Sergey V. Melnikov
Dieter Söll
author_sort Sergey V. Melnikov
title Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal?
title_short Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal?
title_full Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal?
title_fullStr Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal?
title_full_unstemmed Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and tRNAs for an Expanded Genetic Code: What Makes them Orthogonal?
title_sort aminoacyl-trna synthetases and trnas for an expanded genetic code: what makes them orthogonal?
publisher MDPI AG
series International Journal of Molecular Sciences
issn 1422-0067
publishDate 2019-04-01
description In the past two decades, tRNA molecules and their corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) have been extensively used in synthetic biology to genetically encode post-translationally modified and unnatural amino acids. In this review, we briefly examine one fundamental requirement for the successful application of tRNA/aaRS pairs for expanding the genetic code. This requirement is known as “orthogonality„—the ability of a tRNA and its corresponding aaRS to interact exclusively with each other and avoid cross-reactions with additional types of tRNAs and aaRSs in a given organism.
topic synthetic biology
expanded genetic code
tRNA
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
orthogonal translation systems
url https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/8/1929
work_keys_str_mv AT sergeyvmelnikov aminoacyltrnasynthetasesandtrnasforanexpandedgeneticcodewhatmakesthemorthogonal
AT dietersoll aminoacyltrnasynthetasesandtrnasforanexpandedgeneticcodewhatmakesthemorthogonal
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