Seasonal Variation in the Biological Effects of PM<sub>2.5</sub> from Greater Cairo
Greater Cairo (Egypt) is a megalopolis where the studies of the air pollution events are of extremely high relevance, for the geographical-climatological aspects, the anthropogenic emissions and the health impact. While preliminary studies on the particulate matter (PM) chemical composition in Great...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-10-01
|
Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/20/4970 |
id |
doaj-906dea737abf481db5b0459357217703 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-906dea737abf481db5b04593572177032020-11-25T02:29:58ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-10-012020497010.3390/ijms20204970ijms20204970Seasonal Variation in the Biological Effects of PM<sub>2.5</sub> from Greater CairoSara Marchetti0Salwa K. Hassan1Waleed H. Shetaya2Asmaa El-Mekawy3Elham F. Mohamed4Atef M. F. Mohammed5Ahmed A. El-Abssawy6Rossella Bengalli7Anita Colombo8Maurizio Gualtieri9Paride Mantecca10Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Center POLARIS, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, ItalyAir Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, EgyptAir Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, EgyptAir Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, EgyptAir Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, EgyptAir Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, EgyptAir Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, EgyptDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Center POLARIS, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Center POLARIS, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, ItalyENEA SSPT-MET-INAT Bologna Research Centre; Via Martiri di Monte Sole, 4; 40129 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Center POLARIS, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, ItalyGreater Cairo (Egypt) is a megalopolis where the studies of the air pollution events are of extremely high relevance, for the geographical-climatological aspects, the anthropogenic emissions and the health impact. While preliminary studies on the particulate matter (PM) chemical composition in Greater Cairo have been performed, no data are yet available on the PM’s toxicity. In this work, the in vitro toxicity of the fine PM (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) sampled in an urban area of Greater Cairo during 2017−2018 was studied. The PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples collected during spring, summer, autumn and winter were preliminary characterized to determine the concentrations of ionic species, elements and organic PM (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs). After particle extraction from filters, the cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects were evaluated in human lung A549 cells. The results showed that particles collected during the colder seasons mainly induced the xenobiotic metabolizing system and the consequent antioxidant and pro-inflammatory cytokine release responses. Biological events positively correlated to PAHs and metals representative of a combustion-derived pollution. PM<sub>2.5</sub> from the warmer seasons displayed a direct effect on cell cycle progression, suggesting possible genotoxic effects. In conclusion, a correlation between the biological effects and PM<sub>2.5</sub> physico-chemical properties in the area of study might be useful for planning future strategies aiming to improve air quality and lower health hazards.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/20/4970air pollutionpm<sub>2.5</sub>toxicitylungin vitro systems |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sara Marchetti Salwa K. Hassan Waleed H. Shetaya Asmaa El-Mekawy Elham F. Mohamed Atef M. F. Mohammed Ahmed A. El-Abssawy Rossella Bengalli Anita Colombo Maurizio Gualtieri Paride Mantecca |
spellingShingle |
Sara Marchetti Salwa K. Hassan Waleed H. Shetaya Asmaa El-Mekawy Elham F. Mohamed Atef M. F. Mohammed Ahmed A. El-Abssawy Rossella Bengalli Anita Colombo Maurizio Gualtieri Paride Mantecca Seasonal Variation in the Biological Effects of PM<sub>2.5</sub> from Greater Cairo International Journal of Molecular Sciences air pollution pm<sub>2.5</sub> toxicity lung in vitro systems |
author_facet |
Sara Marchetti Salwa K. Hassan Waleed H. Shetaya Asmaa El-Mekawy Elham F. Mohamed Atef M. F. Mohammed Ahmed A. El-Abssawy Rossella Bengalli Anita Colombo Maurizio Gualtieri Paride Mantecca |
author_sort |
Sara Marchetti |
title |
Seasonal Variation in the Biological Effects of PM<sub>2.5</sub> from Greater Cairo |
title_short |
Seasonal Variation in the Biological Effects of PM<sub>2.5</sub> from Greater Cairo |
title_full |
Seasonal Variation in the Biological Effects of PM<sub>2.5</sub> from Greater Cairo |
title_fullStr |
Seasonal Variation in the Biological Effects of PM<sub>2.5</sub> from Greater Cairo |
title_full_unstemmed |
Seasonal Variation in the Biological Effects of PM<sub>2.5</sub> from Greater Cairo |
title_sort |
seasonal variation in the biological effects of pm<sub>2.5</sub> from greater cairo |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2019-10-01 |
description |
Greater Cairo (Egypt) is a megalopolis where the studies of the air pollution events are of extremely high relevance, for the geographical-climatological aspects, the anthropogenic emissions and the health impact. While preliminary studies on the particulate matter (PM) chemical composition in Greater Cairo have been performed, no data are yet available on the PM’s toxicity. In this work, the in vitro toxicity of the fine PM (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) sampled in an urban area of Greater Cairo during 2017−2018 was studied. The PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples collected during spring, summer, autumn and winter were preliminary characterized to determine the concentrations of ionic species, elements and organic PM (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs). After particle extraction from filters, the cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects were evaluated in human lung A549 cells. The results showed that particles collected during the colder seasons mainly induced the xenobiotic metabolizing system and the consequent antioxidant and pro-inflammatory cytokine release responses. Biological events positively correlated to PAHs and metals representative of a combustion-derived pollution. PM<sub>2.5</sub> from the warmer seasons displayed a direct effect on cell cycle progression, suggesting possible genotoxic effects. In conclusion, a correlation between the biological effects and PM<sub>2.5</sub> physico-chemical properties in the area of study might be useful for planning future strategies aiming to improve air quality and lower health hazards. |
topic |
air pollution pm<sub>2.5</sub> toxicity lung in vitro systems |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/20/4970 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT saramarchetti seasonalvariationinthebiologicaleffectsofpmsub25subfromgreatercairo AT salwakhassan seasonalvariationinthebiologicaleffectsofpmsub25subfromgreatercairo AT waleedhshetaya seasonalvariationinthebiologicaleffectsofpmsub25subfromgreatercairo AT asmaaelmekawy seasonalvariationinthebiologicaleffectsofpmsub25subfromgreatercairo AT elhamfmohamed seasonalvariationinthebiologicaleffectsofpmsub25subfromgreatercairo AT atefmfmohammed seasonalvariationinthebiologicaleffectsofpmsub25subfromgreatercairo AT ahmedaelabssawy seasonalvariationinthebiologicaleffectsofpmsub25subfromgreatercairo AT rossellabengalli seasonalvariationinthebiologicaleffectsofpmsub25subfromgreatercairo AT anitacolombo seasonalvariationinthebiologicaleffectsofpmsub25subfromgreatercairo AT mauriziogualtieri seasonalvariationinthebiologicaleffectsofpmsub25subfromgreatercairo AT paridemantecca seasonalvariationinthebiologicaleffectsofpmsub25subfromgreatercairo |
_version_ |
1724830530852093952 |