The Effects of Silica Nanoparticles on Apoptosis and Autophagy of Glioblastoma Cell Lines
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are one of the most commonly used nanomaterials in various medical applications. However, possible mechanisms of the toxicity caused by SiNPs remain unclear. The study presented here provides novel information on molecular and cellular effects of SiNPs in glioblastoma LB...
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doaj-908979fd872f4bccac450384fc28e0ba2020-11-25T02:28:58ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912017-08-017823010.3390/nano7080230nano7080230The Effects of Silica Nanoparticles on Apoptosis and Autophagy of Glioblastoma Cell LinesRafał Krętowski0Magdalena Kusaczuk1Monika Naumowicz2Joanna Kotyńska3Beata Szynaka4Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko5Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, PolandInstitute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, K. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, PolandInstitute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, K. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Białystok,Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, PolandSilica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are one of the most commonly used nanomaterials in various medical applications. However, possible mechanisms of the toxicity caused by SiNPs remain unclear. The study presented here provides novel information on molecular and cellular effects of SiNPs in glioblastoma LBC3 and LN-18 cells. It has been demonstrated that SiNPs of 7 nm, 5–15 nm and 10–20 nm induce time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in LBC3 and LN-18 cell lines. In contrast to glioblastoma cells, we observed only weak reduction in viability of normal skin fibroblasts treated with SiNPs. Furthermore, in LBC3 cells treated with 5–15 nm SiNPs we noticed induction of apoptosis and necrosis, while in LN-18 cells only necrosis. The 5–15 nm SiNPs were also found to cause oxidative stress, a loss in mitochondrial membrane potential, and changes in the ultrastructure of the mitochondria in LBC3 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that in LBC3 cells the mRNA levels of pro-apoptotic genes Bim, Bax, Puma, and Noxa were significantly upregulated. An increase in activity of caspase-9 in these cells was also observed. Moreover, the activation of SiNP-induced autophagy was demonstrated in LBC3 cells as shown by an increase in LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, the upregulation of Atg5 gene and an increase in AVOs-positive cells. In conclusion, this research provides novel information concerning molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and autophagy in LBC3 cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/7/8/230autophagyapoptosisglioblastoma multiformenanotoxicitysilica nanoparticles |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Rafał Krętowski Magdalena Kusaczuk Monika Naumowicz Joanna Kotyńska Beata Szynaka Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko |
spellingShingle |
Rafał Krętowski Magdalena Kusaczuk Monika Naumowicz Joanna Kotyńska Beata Szynaka Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko The Effects of Silica Nanoparticles on Apoptosis and Autophagy of Glioblastoma Cell Lines Nanomaterials autophagy apoptosis glioblastoma multiforme nanotoxicity silica nanoparticles |
author_facet |
Rafał Krętowski Magdalena Kusaczuk Monika Naumowicz Joanna Kotyńska Beata Szynaka Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko |
author_sort |
Rafał Krętowski |
title |
The Effects of Silica Nanoparticles on Apoptosis and Autophagy of Glioblastoma Cell Lines |
title_short |
The Effects of Silica Nanoparticles on Apoptosis and Autophagy of Glioblastoma Cell Lines |
title_full |
The Effects of Silica Nanoparticles on Apoptosis and Autophagy of Glioblastoma Cell Lines |
title_fullStr |
The Effects of Silica Nanoparticles on Apoptosis and Autophagy of Glioblastoma Cell Lines |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Effects of Silica Nanoparticles on Apoptosis and Autophagy of Glioblastoma Cell Lines |
title_sort |
effects of silica nanoparticles on apoptosis and autophagy of glioblastoma cell lines |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nanomaterials |
issn |
2079-4991 |
publishDate |
2017-08-01 |
description |
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are one of the most commonly used nanomaterials in various medical applications. However, possible mechanisms of the toxicity caused by SiNPs remain unclear. The study presented here provides novel information on molecular and cellular effects of SiNPs in glioblastoma LBC3 and LN-18 cells. It has been demonstrated that SiNPs of 7 nm, 5–15 nm and 10–20 nm induce time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in LBC3 and LN-18 cell lines. In contrast to glioblastoma cells, we observed only weak reduction in viability of normal skin fibroblasts treated with SiNPs. Furthermore, in LBC3 cells treated with 5–15 nm SiNPs we noticed induction of apoptosis and necrosis, while in LN-18 cells only necrosis. The 5–15 nm SiNPs were also found to cause oxidative stress, a loss in mitochondrial membrane potential, and changes in the ultrastructure of the mitochondria in LBC3 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that in LBC3 cells the mRNA levels of pro-apoptotic genes Bim, Bax, Puma, and Noxa were significantly upregulated. An increase in activity of caspase-9 in these cells was also observed. Moreover, the activation of SiNP-induced autophagy was demonstrated in LBC3 cells as shown by an increase in LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, the upregulation of Atg5 gene and an increase in AVOs-positive cells. In conclusion, this research provides novel information concerning molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and autophagy in LBC3 cells. |
topic |
autophagy apoptosis glioblastoma multiforme nanotoxicity silica nanoparticles |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/7/8/230 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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