A Review on the Partial and Complete Dissolution and Fractionation of Wood and Lignocelluloses Using Imidazolium Ionic Liquids
Ionic liquids have shown great potential in the last two decades as solvents, catalysts, reaction media, additives, lubricants, and in many applications such as electrochemical systems, hydrometallurgy, chromatography, CO<sub>2</sub> capture, etc. As solvents, the unlimited combinations...
Main Authors: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-01-01
|
Series: | Polymers |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/1/195 |
id |
doaj-918a0f13f97146988605b57d6def95c8 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-918a0f13f97146988605b57d6def95c82020-11-25T01:10:11ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-01-0112119510.3390/polym12010195polym12010195A Review on the Partial and Complete Dissolution and Fractionation of Wood and Lignocelluloses Using Imidazolium Ionic LiquidsHatem Abushammala0Jia Mao1Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research (WKI), Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Al-Ghurair University, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai P.O. Box 37374, UAEIonic liquids have shown great potential in the last two decades as solvents, catalysts, reaction media, additives, lubricants, and in many applications such as electrochemical systems, hydrometallurgy, chromatography, CO<sub>2</sub> capture, etc. As solvents, the unlimited combinations of cations and anions have given ionic liquids a remarkably wide range of solvation power covering a variety of organic and inorganic materials. Ionic liquids are also considered “green” solvents due to their negligible vapor pressure, which means no emission of volatile organic compounds. Due to these interesting properties, ionic liquids have been explored as promising solvents for the dissolution and fractionation of wood and cellulose for biofuel production, pulping, extraction of nanocellulose, and for processing all-wood and all-cellulose composites. This review describes, at first, the potential of ionic liquids and the impact of the cation/anion combination on their physiochemical properties and on their solvation power and selectivity to wood polymers. It also elaborates on how the dissolution conditions influence these parameters. It then discusses the different approaches, which are followed for the homogeneous and heterogeneous dissolution and fractionation of wood and cellulose using ionic liquids and categorize them based on the target application. It finally highlights the challenges of using ionic liquids for wood and cellulose dissolution and processing, including side reactions, viscosity, recyclability, and price.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/1/195cellulosewoodlignocelluloseionic liquidimidazoliumfractionationdissolution |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hatem Abushammala Jia Mao |
spellingShingle |
Hatem Abushammala Jia Mao A Review on the Partial and Complete Dissolution and Fractionation of Wood and Lignocelluloses Using Imidazolium Ionic Liquids Polymers cellulose wood lignocellulose ionic liquid imidazolium fractionation dissolution |
author_facet |
Hatem Abushammala Jia Mao |
author_sort |
Hatem Abushammala |
title |
A Review on the Partial and Complete Dissolution and Fractionation of Wood and Lignocelluloses Using Imidazolium Ionic Liquids |
title_short |
A Review on the Partial and Complete Dissolution and Fractionation of Wood and Lignocelluloses Using Imidazolium Ionic Liquids |
title_full |
A Review on the Partial and Complete Dissolution and Fractionation of Wood and Lignocelluloses Using Imidazolium Ionic Liquids |
title_fullStr |
A Review on the Partial and Complete Dissolution and Fractionation of Wood and Lignocelluloses Using Imidazolium Ionic Liquids |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Review on the Partial and Complete Dissolution and Fractionation of Wood and Lignocelluloses Using Imidazolium Ionic Liquids |
title_sort |
review on the partial and complete dissolution and fractionation of wood and lignocelluloses using imidazolium ionic liquids |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Ionic liquids have shown great potential in the last two decades as solvents, catalysts, reaction media, additives, lubricants, and in many applications such as electrochemical systems, hydrometallurgy, chromatography, CO<sub>2</sub> capture, etc. As solvents, the unlimited combinations of cations and anions have given ionic liquids a remarkably wide range of solvation power covering a variety of organic and inorganic materials. Ionic liquids are also considered “green” solvents due to their negligible vapor pressure, which means no emission of volatile organic compounds. Due to these interesting properties, ionic liquids have been explored as promising solvents for the dissolution and fractionation of wood and cellulose for biofuel production, pulping, extraction of nanocellulose, and for processing all-wood and all-cellulose composites. This review describes, at first, the potential of ionic liquids and the impact of the cation/anion combination on their physiochemical properties and on their solvation power and selectivity to wood polymers. It also elaborates on how the dissolution conditions influence these parameters. It then discusses the different approaches, which are followed for the homogeneous and heterogeneous dissolution and fractionation of wood and cellulose using ionic liquids and categorize them based on the target application. It finally highlights the challenges of using ionic liquids for wood and cellulose dissolution and processing, including side reactions, viscosity, recyclability, and price. |
topic |
cellulose wood lignocellulose ionic liquid imidazolium fractionation dissolution |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/1/195 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT hatemabushammala areviewonthepartialandcompletedissolutionandfractionationofwoodandlignocellulosesusingimidazoliumionicliquids AT jiamao areviewonthepartialandcompletedissolutionandfractionationofwoodandlignocellulosesusingimidazoliumionicliquids AT hatemabushammala reviewonthepartialandcompletedissolutionandfractionationofwoodandlignocellulosesusingimidazoliumionicliquids AT jiamao reviewonthepartialandcompletedissolutionandfractionationofwoodandlignocellulosesusingimidazoliumionicliquids |
_version_ |
1725176305358471168 |