Crystal Structure Evolution, Microstructure Formation, and Properties of Mechanically Alloyed Ultrafine-Grained Ti-Zr-Nb Alloys at 36≤Ti≤70 (at. %)
Titanium β-type alloys are preferred biomaterials for hard tissue replacements due to the low Young modulus and limitation of harmful aluminum and vanadium present in the commercially available Ti6Al4V alloy. The aim of this study was to develop a new ternary Ti-Zr-Nb system at 36≤...
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doaj-918dd2ab8c034b7fa84597d27e3500482020-11-25T01:12:28ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-01-0113358710.3390/ma13030587ma13030587Crystal Structure Evolution, Microstructure Formation, and Properties of Mechanically Alloyed Ultrafine-Grained Ti-Zr-Nb Alloys at 36≤Ti≤70 (at. %)Mateusz Marczewski0Andrzej Miklaszewski1Xavier Maeder2Mieczyslaw Jurczyk3Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawla II No 24, 61-138 Poznan, PolandInstitute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawla II No 24, 61-138 Poznan, PolandLaboratory of Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602, Thun, SwitzerlandInstitute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawla II No 24, 61-138 Poznan, PolandTitanium β-type alloys are preferred biomaterials for hard tissue replacements due to the low Young modulus and limitation of harmful aluminum and vanadium present in the commercially available Ti6Al4V alloy. The aim of this study was to develop a new ternary Ti-Zr-Nb system at 36≤Ti≤70 (at. %). The technical viability of preparing Ti-Zr-Nb alloys by high-energy ball-milling in a SPEX 8000 mill has been studied. These materials were prepared by the combination of mechanical alloying and powder metallurgy approach with cold powder compaction and sintering. Changes in the crystal structure as a function of the milling time were investigated using X-ray diffraction. Our study has shown that mechanical alloying supported by cold pressing and sintering at the temperature below α→β transus (600°C) can be applied to synthesize single-phase, ultrafine-grained, bulk Ti(β)-type Ti30Zr17Nb, Ti23Zr25Nb, Ti30Zr26Nb, Ti22Zr34Nb, and Ti30Zr34Nb alloys. Alloys with lower content of Zr and Nb need higher sintering temperatures to have them fully recrystallized. The properties of developed materials are also engrossing in terms of their biomedical use with Young modulus significantly lower than that of pure titanium.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/3/587metals and alloysmechanical alloyingx-ray diffractionphase transitionpowder metallurgy |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mateusz Marczewski Andrzej Miklaszewski Xavier Maeder Mieczyslaw Jurczyk |
spellingShingle |
Mateusz Marczewski Andrzej Miklaszewski Xavier Maeder Mieczyslaw Jurczyk Crystal Structure Evolution, Microstructure Formation, and Properties of Mechanically Alloyed Ultrafine-Grained Ti-Zr-Nb Alloys at 36≤Ti≤70 (at. %) Materials metals and alloys mechanical alloying x-ray diffraction phase transition powder metallurgy |
author_facet |
Mateusz Marczewski Andrzej Miklaszewski Xavier Maeder Mieczyslaw Jurczyk |
author_sort |
Mateusz Marczewski |
title |
Crystal Structure Evolution, Microstructure Formation, and Properties of Mechanically Alloyed Ultrafine-Grained Ti-Zr-Nb Alloys at 36≤Ti≤70 (at. %) |
title_short |
Crystal Structure Evolution, Microstructure Formation, and Properties of Mechanically Alloyed Ultrafine-Grained Ti-Zr-Nb Alloys at 36≤Ti≤70 (at. %) |
title_full |
Crystal Structure Evolution, Microstructure Formation, and Properties of Mechanically Alloyed Ultrafine-Grained Ti-Zr-Nb Alloys at 36≤Ti≤70 (at. %) |
title_fullStr |
Crystal Structure Evolution, Microstructure Formation, and Properties of Mechanically Alloyed Ultrafine-Grained Ti-Zr-Nb Alloys at 36≤Ti≤70 (at. %) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Crystal Structure Evolution, Microstructure Formation, and Properties of Mechanically Alloyed Ultrafine-Grained Ti-Zr-Nb Alloys at 36≤Ti≤70 (at. %) |
title_sort |
crystal structure evolution, microstructure formation, and properties of mechanically alloyed ultrafine-grained ti-zr-nb alloys at 36≤ti≤70 (at. %) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Titanium β-type alloys are preferred biomaterials for hard tissue replacements due to the low Young modulus and limitation of harmful aluminum and vanadium present in the commercially available Ti6Al4V alloy. The aim of this study was to develop a new ternary Ti-Zr-Nb system at 36≤Ti≤70 (at. %). The technical viability of preparing Ti-Zr-Nb alloys by high-energy ball-milling in a SPEX 8000 mill has been studied. These materials were prepared by the combination of mechanical alloying and powder metallurgy approach with cold powder compaction and sintering. Changes in the crystal structure as a function of the milling time were investigated using X-ray diffraction. Our study has shown that mechanical alloying supported by cold pressing and sintering at the temperature below α→β transus (600°C) can be applied to synthesize single-phase, ultrafine-grained, bulk Ti(β)-type Ti30Zr17Nb, Ti23Zr25Nb, Ti30Zr26Nb, Ti22Zr34Nb, and Ti30Zr34Nb alloys. Alloys with lower content of Zr and Nb need higher sintering temperatures to have them fully recrystallized. The properties of developed materials are also engrossing in terms of their biomedical use with Young modulus significantly lower than that of pure titanium. |
topic |
metals and alloys mechanical alloying x-ray diffraction phase transition powder metallurgy |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/3/587 |
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