Improved Transglycosylation by a Xyloglucan-Active α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps">l</span>-Fucosidase from <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>

• Main Authors: Birgitte Zeuner, Marlene Vuillemin, Jesper Holck, Jan Muschiol, Anne S. Meyer
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-11-01
• Series: Journal of Fungi
• Subjects: fucosidase; xyloglucan; 2′-fucosyllactose; human milk oligosaccharides; protein engineering; GH29
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/4/295

<i>Fusarium graminearum</i> produces an α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-fucosidase, <i>Fg</i>FCO1, which so far appears to be the only known fungal GH29 α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-fucosidase that catalyzes the release of fucose from fucosylated xyloglucan. In our quest to synthesize bioactive glycans by enzymatic catalysis, we observed that <i>Fg</i>FCO1 is able to catalyze a transglycosylation reaction involving transfer of fucose from citrus peel xyloglucan to lactose to produce 2′-fucosyllactose, an important human milk oligosaccharide. In addition to achieving maximal yields, control of the regioselectivity is an important issue in exploiting such a transglycosylation ability successfully for glycan synthesis. In the present study, we aimed to improve the transglycosylation efficiency of <i>Fg</i>FCO1 through protein engineering by transferring successful mutations from other GH29 α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-fucosidases. We investigated several such mutation transfers by structural alignment, and report that transfer of the mutation F34I from <i>Bi</i>AfcB originating from <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> subsp. <i>infantis</i> to Y32I in <i>Fg</i>FCO1 and mutation of D286, near the catalytic acid/base residue in <i>Fg</i>FCO1, especially a D286M mutation, have a positive effect on <i>Fg</i>FCO1 transfucosylation regioselectivity. We also found that enzymatic depolymerization of the xyloglucan substrate increases substrate accessibility and in turn transglycosylation (i.e., transfucosylation) efficiency. The data include analysis of the active site amino acids and the active site topology of <i>Fg</i>FCO1 and show that transfer of point mutations across GH29 subfamilies is a rational strategy for targeted protein engineering of a xyloglucan-active fungal α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-fucosidase.