Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Modulating Trained Immunity by Various Cell Types in Response to Pathogen Encounter
The induction of trained immunity represents an emerging concept defined as the ability of innate immune cells to acquire a memory phenotype, which is a typical hallmark of the adaptive response. Key points modulated during the establishment of trained immunity include epigenetic, metabolic and func...
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doaj-919b94a9da4b482cb34193fc1aa2c5e82021-10-04T05:57:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-10-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.745332745332Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Modulating Trained Immunity by Various Cell Types in Response to Pathogen EncounterOrlando A. Acevedo0Roslye V. Berrios1Linmar Rodríguez-Guilarte2Bastián Lillo-Dapremont3Alexis M. Kalergis4Alexis M. Kalergis5Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileMillennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileMillennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileMillennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileMillennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileDepartamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileThe induction of trained immunity represents an emerging concept defined as the ability of innate immune cells to acquire a memory phenotype, which is a typical hallmark of the adaptive response. Key points modulated during the establishment of trained immunity include epigenetic, metabolic and functional changes in different innate-immune and non-immune cells. Regarding to epigenetic changes, it has been described that long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) act as molecular scaffolds to allow the assembly of chromatin-remodeling complexes that catalyze epigenetic changes on chromatin. On the other hand, relevant metabolic changes that occur during this process include increased glycolytic rate and the accumulation of metabolites from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which subsequently regulate the activity of histone-modifying enzymes that ultimately drive epigenetic changes. Functional consequences of established trained immunity include enhanced cytokine production, increased antigen presentation and augmented antimicrobial responses. In this article, we will discuss the current knowledge regarding the ability of different cell subsets to acquire a trained immune phenotype and the molecular mechanisms involved in triggering such a response. This knowledge will be helpful for the development of broad-spectrum therapies against infectious diseases based on the modulation of epigenetic and metabolic cues regulating the development of trained immunity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.745332/fulltrained immunityunspecific cross-protectionepigeneticsmetabolic reprogramminginnate memory |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Orlando A. Acevedo Roslye V. Berrios Linmar Rodríguez-Guilarte Bastián Lillo-Dapremont Alexis M. Kalergis Alexis M. Kalergis |
spellingShingle |
Orlando A. Acevedo Roslye V. Berrios Linmar Rodríguez-Guilarte Bastián Lillo-Dapremont Alexis M. Kalergis Alexis M. Kalergis Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Modulating Trained Immunity by Various Cell Types in Response to Pathogen Encounter Frontiers in Immunology trained immunity unspecific cross-protection epigenetics metabolic reprogramming innate memory |
author_facet |
Orlando A. Acevedo Roslye V. Berrios Linmar Rodríguez-Guilarte Bastián Lillo-Dapremont Alexis M. Kalergis Alexis M. Kalergis |
author_sort |
Orlando A. Acevedo |
title |
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Modulating Trained Immunity by Various Cell Types in Response to Pathogen Encounter |
title_short |
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Modulating Trained Immunity by Various Cell Types in Response to Pathogen Encounter |
title_full |
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Modulating Trained Immunity by Various Cell Types in Response to Pathogen Encounter |
title_fullStr |
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Modulating Trained Immunity by Various Cell Types in Response to Pathogen Encounter |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Modulating Trained Immunity by Various Cell Types in Response to Pathogen Encounter |
title_sort |
molecular and cellular mechanisms modulating trained immunity by various cell types in response to pathogen encounter |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2021-10-01 |
description |
The induction of trained immunity represents an emerging concept defined as the ability of innate immune cells to acquire a memory phenotype, which is a typical hallmark of the adaptive response. Key points modulated during the establishment of trained immunity include epigenetic, metabolic and functional changes in different innate-immune and non-immune cells. Regarding to epigenetic changes, it has been described that long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) act as molecular scaffolds to allow the assembly of chromatin-remodeling complexes that catalyze epigenetic changes on chromatin. On the other hand, relevant metabolic changes that occur during this process include increased glycolytic rate and the accumulation of metabolites from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which subsequently regulate the activity of histone-modifying enzymes that ultimately drive epigenetic changes. Functional consequences of established trained immunity include enhanced cytokine production, increased antigen presentation and augmented antimicrobial responses. In this article, we will discuss the current knowledge regarding the ability of different cell subsets to acquire a trained immune phenotype and the molecular mechanisms involved in triggering such a response. This knowledge will be helpful for the development of broad-spectrum therapies against infectious diseases based on the modulation of epigenetic and metabolic cues regulating the development of trained immunity. |
topic |
trained immunity unspecific cross-protection epigenetics metabolic reprogramming innate memory |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.745332/full |
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