Evaluation of the Potential of Sewage Sludge Mycobiome to Degrade High Diclofenac and Bisphenol-A Concentrations

• Main Authors: Ulises Conejo-Saucedo, Alejandro Ledezma-Villanueva, Gabriela Ángeles de Paz, Mario Herrero-Cervera, Concepción Calvo, Elisabet Aranda
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-05-01
• Series: Toxics
• Subjects: sewage sludge; pharmaceuticals active compounds; bioremediation; endocrine disruptors; shotgun-sequencing technologies; fungi
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/6/115

One of the most challenging environmental threats of the last two decades is the effects of emerging pollutants (EPs) such as pharmaceutical compounds or industrial additives. Diclofenac and bisphenol A have regularly been found in wastewater treatment plants, and in soils and water bodies because of their extensive usage and their recalcitrant nature. Due to the fact of this adversity, fungal communities play an important role in being able to safely degrade EPs. In this work, we obtained a sewage sludge sample to study both the culturable and non-culturable microorganisms through DNA extraction and massive sequencing using Illumina MiSeq techniques, with the goal of finding degraders adapted to polluted environments. Afterward, degradation experiments on diclofenac and bisphenol A were performed with the best fungal degraders. The analysis of bacterial diversity showed that Dethiosulfovibrionaceae, Comamonadaceae, and Isosphaeraceae were the most abundant families. A predominance of Ascomycota fungi in the culturable and non-culturable population was also detected. Species such as <i>Talaromyces gossypii</i>, <i>Syncephalastrum monosporum</i>, <i>Aspergillus tabacinus</i>, and <i>Talaromyces verruculosus</i> had remarkable degradation rates, up to 80% of diclofenac and bisphenol A was fully degraded. These results highlight the importance of characterizing autochthonous microorganisms and the possibility of selecting native fungal microorganisms to develop tailored biotransformation technologies for EPs.