Adenosine and Inflammation: Here, There and Everywhere
Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous modulator with the main function of maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis in pathological and stress conditions. It exerts its effect through the interaction with four G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes referred as A<sub>1</sub>, A<su...
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doaj-92104b5ff6d747d58bde9b641e0daa1f2021-07-23T13:46:49ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-07-01227685768510.3390/ijms22147685Adenosine and Inflammation: Here, There and EverywhereSilvia Pasquini0Chiara Contri1Pier Andrea Borea2Fabrizio Vincenzi3Katia Varani4Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyUniversity of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyAdenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous modulator with the main function of maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis in pathological and stress conditions. It exerts its effect through the interaction with four G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes referred as A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2A</sub>, A<sub>2B</sub>, and A<sub>3</sub> adenosine receptors (ARs), each of which has a unique pharmacological profile and tissue distribution. Adenosine is a potent modulator of inflammation, and for this reason the adenosinergic system represents an excellent pharmacological target for the myriad of diseases in which inflammation represents a cause, a pathogenetic mechanism, a consequence, a manifestation, or a protective factor. The omnipresence of ARs in every cell of the immune system as well as in almost all cells in the body represents both an opportunity and an obstacle to the clinical use of AR ligands. This review offers an overview of the cardinal role of adenosine in the modulation of inflammation, showing how the stimulation or blocking of its receptors or agents capable of regulating its extracellular concentration can represent promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pathologies, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/14/7685adenosineinflammationadenosine receptorsimmune systemchronic inflammatory diseases |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Silvia Pasquini Chiara Contri Pier Andrea Borea Fabrizio Vincenzi Katia Varani |
spellingShingle |
Silvia Pasquini Chiara Contri Pier Andrea Borea Fabrizio Vincenzi Katia Varani Adenosine and Inflammation: Here, There and Everywhere International Journal of Molecular Sciences adenosine inflammation adenosine receptors immune system chronic inflammatory diseases |
author_facet |
Silvia Pasquini Chiara Contri Pier Andrea Borea Fabrizio Vincenzi Katia Varani |
author_sort |
Silvia Pasquini |
title |
Adenosine and Inflammation: Here, There and Everywhere |
title_short |
Adenosine and Inflammation: Here, There and Everywhere |
title_full |
Adenosine and Inflammation: Here, There and Everywhere |
title_fullStr |
Adenosine and Inflammation: Here, There and Everywhere |
title_full_unstemmed |
Adenosine and Inflammation: Here, There and Everywhere |
title_sort |
adenosine and inflammation: here, there and everywhere |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous modulator with the main function of maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis in pathological and stress conditions. It exerts its effect through the interaction with four G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes referred as A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2A</sub>, A<sub>2B</sub>, and A<sub>3</sub> adenosine receptors (ARs), each of which has a unique pharmacological profile and tissue distribution. Adenosine is a potent modulator of inflammation, and for this reason the adenosinergic system represents an excellent pharmacological target for the myriad of diseases in which inflammation represents a cause, a pathogenetic mechanism, a consequence, a manifestation, or a protective factor. The omnipresence of ARs in every cell of the immune system as well as in almost all cells in the body represents both an opportunity and an obstacle to the clinical use of AR ligands. This review offers an overview of the cardinal role of adenosine in the modulation of inflammation, showing how the stimulation or blocking of its receptors or agents capable of regulating its extracellular concentration can represent promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pathologies, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. |
topic |
adenosine inflammation adenosine receptors immune system chronic inflammatory diseases |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/14/7685 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT silviapasquini adenosineandinflammationherethereandeverywhere AT chiaracontri adenosineandinflammationherethereandeverywhere AT pierandreaborea adenosineandinflammationherethereandeverywhere AT fabriziovincenzi adenosineandinflammationherethereandeverywhere AT katiavarani adenosineandinflammationherethereandeverywhere |
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1721287804639510528 |