Brain–machine interfaces in neurorehabilitation of stroke
Stroke is among the leading causes of long-term disabilities leaving an increasing number of people with cognitive, affective and motor impairments depending on assistance in their daily life. While function after stroke can significantly improve in the first weeks and months, further recovery is of...
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2015-11-01
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doaj-92c047f9f87d4b0894c0c0e63c40b3ff2021-03-22T12:42:18ZengElsevierNeurobiology of Disease1095-953X2015-11-0183172179Brain–machine interfaces in neurorehabilitation of strokeSurjo R. Soekadar0Niels Birbaumer1Marc W. Slutzky2Leonardo G. Cohen3Applied Neurotechnology Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Corresponding author at: Applied Neurotechnology Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Ospedale San Camillo, IRCCS, Venice, ItalyNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USAHuman Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USAStroke is among the leading causes of long-term disabilities leaving an increasing number of people with cognitive, affective and motor impairments depending on assistance in their daily life. While function after stroke can significantly improve in the first weeks and months, further recovery is often slow or non-existent in the more severe cases encompassing 30–50% of all stroke victims. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying recovery in those patients are incompletely understood. However, recent studies demonstrated the brain's remarkable capacity for functional and structural plasticity and recovery even in severe chronic stroke. As all established rehabilitation strategies require some remaining motor function, there is currently no standardized and accepted treatment for patients with complete chronic muscle paralysis. The development of brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) that translate brain activity into control signals of computers or external devices provides two new strategies to overcome stroke-related motor paralysis. First, BMIs can establish continuous high-dimensional brain-control of robotic devices or functional electric stimulation (FES) to assist in daily life activities (assistive BMI). Second, BMIs could facilitate neuroplasticity, thus enhancing motor learning and motor recovery (rehabilitative BMI). Advances in sensor technology, development of non-invasive and implantable wireless BMI-systems and their combination with brain stimulation, along with evidence for BMI systems' clinical efficacy suggest that BMI-related strategies will play an increasing role in neurorehabilitation of stroke.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996114003714Brain–machine interface (BMI)NeurorehabilitationStrokeRoboticsAssistive technologyBrain stimulation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Surjo R. Soekadar Niels Birbaumer Marc W. Slutzky Leonardo G. Cohen |
spellingShingle |
Surjo R. Soekadar Niels Birbaumer Marc W. Slutzky Leonardo G. Cohen Brain–machine interfaces in neurorehabilitation of stroke Neurobiology of Disease Brain–machine interface (BMI) Neurorehabilitation Stroke Robotics Assistive technology Brain stimulation |
author_facet |
Surjo R. Soekadar Niels Birbaumer Marc W. Slutzky Leonardo G. Cohen |
author_sort |
Surjo R. Soekadar |
title |
Brain–machine interfaces in neurorehabilitation of stroke |
title_short |
Brain–machine interfaces in neurorehabilitation of stroke |
title_full |
Brain–machine interfaces in neurorehabilitation of stroke |
title_fullStr |
Brain–machine interfaces in neurorehabilitation of stroke |
title_full_unstemmed |
Brain–machine interfaces in neurorehabilitation of stroke |
title_sort |
brain–machine interfaces in neurorehabilitation of stroke |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Neurobiology of Disease |
issn |
1095-953X |
publishDate |
2015-11-01 |
description |
Stroke is among the leading causes of long-term disabilities leaving an increasing number of people with cognitive, affective and motor impairments depending on assistance in their daily life. While function after stroke can significantly improve in the first weeks and months, further recovery is often slow or non-existent in the more severe cases encompassing 30–50% of all stroke victims. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying recovery in those patients are incompletely understood. However, recent studies demonstrated the brain's remarkable capacity for functional and structural plasticity and recovery even in severe chronic stroke. As all established rehabilitation strategies require some remaining motor function, there is currently no standardized and accepted treatment for patients with complete chronic muscle paralysis. The development of brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) that translate brain activity into control signals of computers or external devices provides two new strategies to overcome stroke-related motor paralysis. First, BMIs can establish continuous high-dimensional brain-control of robotic devices or functional electric stimulation (FES) to assist in daily life activities (assistive BMI). Second, BMIs could facilitate neuroplasticity, thus enhancing motor learning and motor recovery (rehabilitative BMI). Advances in sensor technology, development of non-invasive and implantable wireless BMI-systems and their combination with brain stimulation, along with evidence for BMI systems' clinical efficacy suggest that BMI-related strategies will play an increasing role in neurorehabilitation of stroke. |
topic |
Brain–machine interface (BMI) Neurorehabilitation Stroke Robotics Assistive technology Brain stimulation |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996114003714 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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