Effects on Some Therapeutical, Biochemical, and Immunological Parameters of Honey Bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) Exposed to Probiotic Treatments, in Field and Laboratory Conditions

Effects on Some Therapeutical, Biochemical, and Immunological Parameters of Honey Bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) Exposed to Probiotic Treatments, in Field and Laboratory Conditions

Several negative factors contribute to a decline in the number of insect pollinators. As a novel approach in therapy, we hypothesize that the EM<sup>®</sup> for bees could potentially have an important therapeutic and immunomodulatory effect on honey bee colonies. The aim of our study wa...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ivana Tlak Gajger, Josipa Vlainić, Petra Šoštarić, Janez Prešern, Jernej Bubnič, Maja Ivana Smodiš Škerl
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-09-01
Series:Insects
Subjects:
honey bee colonies
probiotic treatments
field experiment
laboratory-controlled experiment
EM<sup>®</sup> PROBIOTIC FOR BEES
honey bee physiology
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/9/638

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