Immunological and Microbiological Profiling of Cumulative Risk Score for Periodontitis
The cumulative risk score (CRS) is a mathematical salivary diagnostic model to define an individual’s risk of having periodontitis. In order to further validate this salivary biomarker, we investigated how periodontal bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and systemic and local host immune responses r...
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doaj-9352fc96fe4a47879da47ad065602e0c2020-11-25T03:51:36ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182020-08-011056056010.3390/diagnostics10080560Immunological and Microbiological Profiling of Cumulative Risk Score for PeriodontitisJoonas Liukkonen0Ulvi K. Gürsoy1Eija Könönen2Ramin Akhi3Aino Salminen4John M. Liljestrand5Pratikshya Pradhan-Palikhe6Milla Pietiäinen7Timo Sorsa8G. Rutger Persson9Päivi Mäntylä10Kåre Buhlin11Susanna Paju12Juha Sinisalo13Sohvi Hörkkö14Pirkko J. Pussinen15Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20100 Turku, FinlandInstitute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20100 Turku, FinlandInstitute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20100 Turku, FinlandMedical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, 90100 Oulu, FinlandOral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, FinlandOral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, FinlandOral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, FinlandOral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, FinlandOral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, FinlandDepartments of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USAOral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, FinlandOral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, FinlandOral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, FinlandHUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, FinlandMedical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, 90100 Oulu, FinlandInstitute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20100 Turku, FinlandThe cumulative risk score (CRS) is a mathematical salivary diagnostic model to define an individual’s risk of having periodontitis. In order to further validate this salivary biomarker, we investigated how periodontal bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and systemic and local host immune responses relate to CRS. Subgingival plaque, saliva, and serum samples collected from 445 individuals were used in the analyses. Plaque levels of 28 microbial species, especially those of <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i>, <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Porphyromonas endodontalis</i>, <i>Prevotella intermedia</i>, and <i>Tannerella forsythia</i>, and serum and salivary levels of IgA and IgG against these five species were determined. Additionally, LPS activity was measured. High CRS associated strongly with all IgA/IgG antibody and LPS levels in saliva, whereas in serum the associations were not that obvious. In the final logistic regression model, the best predictors of high CRS were saliva IgA burden against the five species (OR 7.04, 95% CI 2.25–22.0), IgG burden (3.79, 1.78–8.08), LPS (2.19, 1.38–3.47), and the sum of 17 subgingival Gram-negative species (6.19, 2.10–18.3). CRS is strongly associated with microbial biomarker species of periodontitis and salivary humoral immune responses against them.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/8/560biomarkersbacterialipopolysaccharidessalivaserum |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Joonas Liukkonen Ulvi K. Gürsoy Eija Könönen Ramin Akhi Aino Salminen John M. Liljestrand Pratikshya Pradhan-Palikhe Milla Pietiäinen Timo Sorsa G. Rutger Persson Päivi Mäntylä Kåre Buhlin Susanna Paju Juha Sinisalo Sohvi Hörkkö Pirkko J. Pussinen |
spellingShingle |
Joonas Liukkonen Ulvi K. Gürsoy Eija Könönen Ramin Akhi Aino Salminen John M. Liljestrand Pratikshya Pradhan-Palikhe Milla Pietiäinen Timo Sorsa G. Rutger Persson Päivi Mäntylä Kåre Buhlin Susanna Paju Juha Sinisalo Sohvi Hörkkö Pirkko J. Pussinen Immunological and Microbiological Profiling of Cumulative Risk Score for Periodontitis Diagnostics biomarkers bacteria lipopolysaccharides saliva serum |
author_facet |
Joonas Liukkonen Ulvi K. Gürsoy Eija Könönen Ramin Akhi Aino Salminen John M. Liljestrand Pratikshya Pradhan-Palikhe Milla Pietiäinen Timo Sorsa G. Rutger Persson Päivi Mäntylä Kåre Buhlin Susanna Paju Juha Sinisalo Sohvi Hörkkö Pirkko J. Pussinen |
author_sort |
Joonas Liukkonen |
title |
Immunological and Microbiological Profiling of Cumulative Risk Score for Periodontitis |
title_short |
Immunological and Microbiological Profiling of Cumulative Risk Score for Periodontitis |
title_full |
Immunological and Microbiological Profiling of Cumulative Risk Score for Periodontitis |
title_fullStr |
Immunological and Microbiological Profiling of Cumulative Risk Score for Periodontitis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Immunological and Microbiological Profiling of Cumulative Risk Score for Periodontitis |
title_sort |
immunological and microbiological profiling of cumulative risk score for periodontitis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Diagnostics |
issn |
2075-4418 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
The cumulative risk score (CRS) is a mathematical salivary diagnostic model to define an individual’s risk of having periodontitis. In order to further validate this salivary biomarker, we investigated how periodontal bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and systemic and local host immune responses relate to CRS. Subgingival plaque, saliva, and serum samples collected from 445 individuals were used in the analyses. Plaque levels of 28 microbial species, especially those of <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i>, <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Porphyromonas endodontalis</i>, <i>Prevotella intermedia</i>, and <i>Tannerella forsythia</i>, and serum and salivary levels of IgA and IgG against these five species were determined. Additionally, LPS activity was measured. High CRS associated strongly with all IgA/IgG antibody and LPS levels in saliva, whereas in serum the associations were not that obvious. In the final logistic regression model, the best predictors of high CRS were saliva IgA burden against the five species (OR 7.04, 95% CI 2.25–22.0), IgG burden (3.79, 1.78–8.08), LPS (2.19, 1.38–3.47), and the sum of 17 subgingival Gram-negative species (6.19, 2.10–18.3). CRS is strongly associated with microbial biomarker species of periodontitis and salivary humoral immune responses against them. |
topic |
biomarkers bacteria lipopolysaccharides saliva serum |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/8/560 |
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