Comprehensive evaluation of soil quality in a desert steppe influenced by industrial activities in northern China
Abstract Desert steppe soil security issues have been the focus of attention. Therefore, to understand the impact of industrial activities on the soil quality of desert grasslands, this experiment investigated the Gaoshawo Industrial Concentration Zone in Yanchi County. Based on the distance and dir...
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doaj-93570f0b0b224c768e52396076a3b9052021-09-05T11:31:44ZengNature Publishing GroupScientific Reports2045-23222021-09-0111111310.1038/s41598-021-96948-7Comprehensive evaluation of soil quality in a desert steppe influenced by industrial activities in northern ChinaZhe Xu0Wenbao Mi1Nan Mi2Xingang Fan3Yao Zhou4Ying Tian5College of Agriculture, Ningxia UniversityCollege of Agriculture, Ningxia UniversityCollege of Agriculture, Ningxia UniversityWest Development Research Center, Ningxia UniversityCollege of Agriculture, Ningxia UniversityCollege of Agriculture, Ningxia UniversityAbstract Desert steppe soil security issues have been the focus of attention. Therefore, to understand the impact of industrial activities on the soil quality of desert grasslands, this experiment investigated the Gaoshawo Industrial Concentration Zone in Yanchi County. Based on the distance and direction from the industrial park, sample plots were established at intervals of 1–2 km. A total of 82 surface soil samples (0–20 cm) representing different pollution sources were collected. The samples were analysed for pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The desert steppe soil quality was analysed based on the integrated fertility index (IFI) and the Nemerow pollution index (PN), followed by the calculation of the comprehensive soil quality index (SQI), which considers the most suitable soil quality indicators through a geostatistical model. The results showed that the IFI was 0.393, indicating that the soil fertility was relatively poor. Excluding the available potassium, the nugget coefficients of the fertility indicators were less than 25% and showed strong spatial autocorrelation. The average values of Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn were 21.64 ± 3.26, 0.18 ± 0.02, 44.99 ± 21.23, 87.18 ± 25.84, and 86.63 ± 24.98 mg·kg−1, respectively; the nugget coefficients of Cr, Pb and Zn were 30.79–47.35%. Pb was the main element causing heavy metal pollution in the study area. Higher PN values were concentrated north of the highway in the study area, resulting in lower soil quality in the northern region and a trend of decreasing soil quality from south to north. The results of this research showed that the average SQI was 0.351 and the soil quality was extremely low. Thus, industrial activities and transportation activities in the Gaoshawo Industrial Zone significantly impact the desert steppe soil quality index.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96948-7 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Zhe Xu Wenbao Mi Nan Mi Xingang Fan Yao Zhou Ying Tian |
spellingShingle |
Zhe Xu Wenbao Mi Nan Mi Xingang Fan Yao Zhou Ying Tian Comprehensive evaluation of soil quality in a desert steppe influenced by industrial activities in northern China Scientific Reports |
author_facet |
Zhe Xu Wenbao Mi Nan Mi Xingang Fan Yao Zhou Ying Tian |
author_sort |
Zhe Xu |
title |
Comprehensive evaluation of soil quality in a desert steppe influenced by industrial activities in northern China |
title_short |
Comprehensive evaluation of soil quality in a desert steppe influenced by industrial activities in northern China |
title_full |
Comprehensive evaluation of soil quality in a desert steppe influenced by industrial activities in northern China |
title_fullStr |
Comprehensive evaluation of soil quality in a desert steppe influenced by industrial activities in northern China |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comprehensive evaluation of soil quality in a desert steppe influenced by industrial activities in northern China |
title_sort |
comprehensive evaluation of soil quality in a desert steppe influenced by industrial activities in northern china |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
series |
Scientific Reports |
issn |
2045-2322 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Abstract Desert steppe soil security issues have been the focus of attention. Therefore, to understand the impact of industrial activities on the soil quality of desert grasslands, this experiment investigated the Gaoshawo Industrial Concentration Zone in Yanchi County. Based on the distance and direction from the industrial park, sample plots were established at intervals of 1–2 km. A total of 82 surface soil samples (0–20 cm) representing different pollution sources were collected. The samples were analysed for pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The desert steppe soil quality was analysed based on the integrated fertility index (IFI) and the Nemerow pollution index (PN), followed by the calculation of the comprehensive soil quality index (SQI), which considers the most suitable soil quality indicators through a geostatistical model. The results showed that the IFI was 0.393, indicating that the soil fertility was relatively poor. Excluding the available potassium, the nugget coefficients of the fertility indicators were less than 25% and showed strong spatial autocorrelation. The average values of Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn were 21.64 ± 3.26, 0.18 ± 0.02, 44.99 ± 21.23, 87.18 ± 25.84, and 86.63 ± 24.98 mg·kg−1, respectively; the nugget coefficients of Cr, Pb and Zn were 30.79–47.35%. Pb was the main element causing heavy metal pollution in the study area. Higher PN values were concentrated north of the highway in the study area, resulting in lower soil quality in the northern region and a trend of decreasing soil quality from south to north. The results of this research showed that the average SQI was 0.351 and the soil quality was extremely low. Thus, industrial activities and transportation activities in the Gaoshawo Industrial Zone significantly impact the desert steppe soil quality index. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96948-7 |
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