Ensuring Reliable Operation of Electricity Grid by Placement of FACTS Devices for Developing Countries
Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) are essential devices used for the efficient performance of modern power systems and many developing countries lack these devices. Due to the non-existence of these advanced technologies, the national grid remains weak and vulnerable to power stability issues...
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doaj-937182e36809406492a38e344751b1eb2021-04-19T23:01:12ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-04-01142283228310.3390/en14082283Ensuring Reliable Operation of Electricity Grid by Placement of FACTS Devices for Developing CountriesAtif Naveed Khan0Kashif Imran1Muhammad Nadeem2Anamitra Pal3Abraiz Khattak4Kafait Ullah5Muhammad Waseem Younas6Muhammad Shahzad Younis7US-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, PakistanUS-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, PakistanUS-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, PakistanSchool of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USAUS-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, PakistanUS-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, PakistanTransmission Planning Department, National Transmission and Dispatch Company (NTDC), Lahore 54000, PakistanSchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, PakistanFlexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) are essential devices used for the efficient performance of modern power systems and many developing countries lack these devices. Due to the non-existence of these advanced technologies, the national grid remains weak and vulnerable to power stability issues that can jeopardize system stability. This study proposes novel research to solve issues of an evolving national grid through the installation of FACTS devices. FACTS devices play a crucial role in minimizing active power losses while managing reactive power flows to keep the voltages within their respective limits. Due to the high costs of FACTS, optimization must be done to discover optimal locations as well as ratings of these devices. However, due to the nonlinearity, it is a challenging task to find the optimal locations and appropriate sizes of these devices. Shunt VARs Compensators (SVCs) and Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensators (TCSCs) are the two FACTS devices considered for the study. Optimal locations for SVCs and TCSCs are determined by Voltage Collapse Proximity Index (VCPI) and Line Stability Index (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>L</mi><mi mathvariant="italic">mn</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>), respectively. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed to find the ideal rating for FACTS devices to minimize the system operating cost (cost due to active power loss and capital cost of FACTS devices). This technique is applied to IEEE (14 and 30) bus systems. Moreover, reliable operation of the electricity grid through the placement of FACTS for developing countries has also been analysed; Pakistan being a developing country has been selected as a case study. The planning problem has been solved for the present as well as for the forecasted power system. Consequently, in the current national network, 6.21% and 6.71% reduction in active and reactive power losses have been observed, respectively. Moreover, voltage profiles have been improved significantly. A detailed financial analysis covering the calculation of Operation Cost (OC) of the national grid before and after the placement of FACTS devices is carried out.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/8/2283Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)line stability index (<named-content content-type="inline"><inline-formula> <mml:math id="mm999" display="block"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="italic">mn</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula></named-content>)Voltage Collapse Proximity Index (VCPI)Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Atif Naveed Khan Kashif Imran Muhammad Nadeem Anamitra Pal Abraiz Khattak Kafait Ullah Muhammad Waseem Younas Muhammad Shahzad Younis |
spellingShingle |
Atif Naveed Khan Kashif Imran Muhammad Nadeem Anamitra Pal Abraiz Khattak Kafait Ullah Muhammad Waseem Younas Muhammad Shahzad Younis Ensuring Reliable Operation of Electricity Grid by Placement of FACTS Devices for Developing Countries Energies Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) line stability index (<named-content content-type="inline"><inline-formula> <mml:math id="mm999" display="block"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="italic">mn</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula></named-content>) Voltage Collapse Proximity Index (VCPI) Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) |
author_facet |
Atif Naveed Khan Kashif Imran Muhammad Nadeem Anamitra Pal Abraiz Khattak Kafait Ullah Muhammad Waseem Younas Muhammad Shahzad Younis |
author_sort |
Atif Naveed Khan |
title |
Ensuring Reliable Operation of Electricity Grid by Placement of FACTS Devices for Developing Countries |
title_short |
Ensuring Reliable Operation of Electricity Grid by Placement of FACTS Devices for Developing Countries |
title_full |
Ensuring Reliable Operation of Electricity Grid by Placement of FACTS Devices for Developing Countries |
title_fullStr |
Ensuring Reliable Operation of Electricity Grid by Placement of FACTS Devices for Developing Countries |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ensuring Reliable Operation of Electricity Grid by Placement of FACTS Devices for Developing Countries |
title_sort |
ensuring reliable operation of electricity grid by placement of facts devices for developing countries |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Energies |
issn |
1996-1073 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) are essential devices used for the efficient performance of modern power systems and many developing countries lack these devices. Due to the non-existence of these advanced technologies, the national grid remains weak and vulnerable to power stability issues that can jeopardize system stability. This study proposes novel research to solve issues of an evolving national grid through the installation of FACTS devices. FACTS devices play a crucial role in minimizing active power losses while managing reactive power flows to keep the voltages within their respective limits. Due to the high costs of FACTS, optimization must be done to discover optimal locations as well as ratings of these devices. However, due to the nonlinearity, it is a challenging task to find the optimal locations and appropriate sizes of these devices. Shunt VARs Compensators (SVCs) and Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensators (TCSCs) are the two FACTS devices considered for the study. Optimal locations for SVCs and TCSCs are determined by Voltage Collapse Proximity Index (VCPI) and Line Stability Index (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>L</mi><mi mathvariant="italic">mn</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>), respectively. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed to find the ideal rating for FACTS devices to minimize the system operating cost (cost due to active power loss and capital cost of FACTS devices). This technique is applied to IEEE (14 and 30) bus systems. Moreover, reliable operation of the electricity grid through the placement of FACTS for developing countries has also been analysed; Pakistan being a developing country has been selected as a case study. The planning problem has been solved for the present as well as for the forecasted power system. Consequently, in the current national network, 6.21% and 6.71% reduction in active and reactive power losses have been observed, respectively. Moreover, voltage profiles have been improved significantly. A detailed financial analysis covering the calculation of Operation Cost (OC) of the national grid before and after the placement of FACTS devices is carried out. |
topic |
Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) line stability index (<named-content content-type="inline"><inline-formula> <mml:math id="mm999" display="block"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="italic">mn</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula></named-content>) Voltage Collapse Proximity Index (VCPI) Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/8/2283 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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