Comparison of IgG and neutralizing antibody responses after one or two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in previously infected and uninfected individuals.
Background: Recent reports have suggested that among individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, a single mRNA vaccine dose is sufficient to elicit high levels of immunity. Methods: We compared anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG antibody concentrations and antibody-mediated...
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Elsevier
2021-08-01
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Series: | EClinicalMedicine |
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Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537021002984 |
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Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Alexis R. Demonbreun Amelia Sancilio Matt P. Velez Daniel T. Ryan Rana Saber Lauren A. Vaught Nina L. Reiser Ryan R. Hsieh Richard T. D'Aquila Brian Mustanski Elizabeth M. McNally Thomas W. McDade |
spellingShingle |
Alexis R. Demonbreun Amelia Sancilio Matt P. Velez Daniel T. Ryan Rana Saber Lauren A. Vaught Nina L. Reiser Ryan R. Hsieh Richard T. D'Aquila Brian Mustanski Elizabeth M. McNally Thomas W. McDade Comparison of IgG and neutralizing antibody responses after one or two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in previously infected and uninfected individuals. EClinicalMedicine COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Serological testing IgG ELISA Dried blood spots |
author_facet |
Alexis R. Demonbreun Amelia Sancilio Matt P. Velez Daniel T. Ryan Rana Saber Lauren A. Vaught Nina L. Reiser Ryan R. Hsieh Richard T. D'Aquila Brian Mustanski Elizabeth M. McNally Thomas W. McDade |
author_sort |
Alexis R. Demonbreun |
title |
Comparison of IgG and neutralizing antibody responses after one or two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in previously infected and uninfected individuals. |
title_short |
Comparison of IgG and neutralizing antibody responses after one or two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in previously infected and uninfected individuals. |
title_full |
Comparison of IgG and neutralizing antibody responses after one or two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in previously infected and uninfected individuals. |
title_fullStr |
Comparison of IgG and neutralizing antibody responses after one or two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in previously infected and uninfected individuals. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comparison of IgG and neutralizing antibody responses after one or two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in previously infected and uninfected individuals. |
title_sort |
comparison of igg and neutralizing antibody responses after one or two doses of covid-19 mrna vaccine in previously infected and uninfected individuals. |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
EClinicalMedicine |
issn |
2589-5370 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Background: Recent reports have suggested that among individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, a single mRNA vaccine dose is sufficient to elicit high levels of immunity. Methods: We compared anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG antibody concentrations and antibody-mediated neutralization of spike-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor binding in vitro following vaccination of non-hospitalized participants by sero-status and acute virus diagnosis history. Participants were analysed before and after mRNA vaccination (BNT162b2/Pfizer or mRNA-1273/Moderna) in a community-based, home-collected, longitudinal serosurvey in the Chicago area (USA); none reported hospitalization for COVID-19. Samples were collected in January and February 2021. Before vaccination, some reported prior positive acute viral diagnostic testing and were seropositive (COVID-19+); the others who did not report acute viral diagnostic testing were categorized as seropositive or seronegative based on anti-spike RBD IgG test results. Findings: Of 307 unique vaccine recipients, 46 reported a prior COVID-19 diagnosis and were seropositive (COVID-19 +). Of the 261 with no history of acute viral diagnostic testing, 117 were seropositive and 144 seronegative before vaccination. The median age was 38 years (range 21–83) with 67 female and 33% male; 40% were non-White. Responses were evaluated after one (n = 142) or two (n = 191) doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine. After one dose, median post-vaccine IgG concentration and percent surrogate neutralization were each significantly higher among the COVID-19+ (median 48·2 µg/ml, IgG; > 99.9% neutralization) compared to the seropositives (3·6 µg /ml IgG; 56.5% neutralization) and seronegatives (2·6 µg /ml IgG; 38·3% neutralization). The latter two groups reached > 95% neutralization after the second vaccine dose. Interpretation: After one dose of mRNA vaccine, individuals previously diagnosed with COVID-19 responded with high levels of anti-RBD IgG and surrogate neutralization of spike-ACE2 interaction. One dose of mRNA vaccine was not sufficient to generate comparably high responses among most persons previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 without a clinical COVID-19 diagnosis, nor among seronegative persons. Funding: National Science Foundation 2035114, NIH 3UL1TR001422–06S4, and Northwestern University Office of Research. |
topic |
COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Serological testing IgG ELISA Dried blood spots |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537021002984 |
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doaj-93be69f2f8f34777bb1392c684fc7f7d2021-08-28T04:48:07ZengElsevierEClinicalMedicine2589-53702021-08-0138101018Comparison of IgG and neutralizing antibody responses after one or two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in previously infected and uninfected individuals.Alexis R. Demonbreun0Amelia Sancilio1Matt P. Velez2Daniel T. Ryan3Rana Saber4Lauren A. Vaught5Nina L. Reiser6Ryan R. Hsieh7Richard T. D'Aquila8Brian Mustanski9Elizabeth M. McNally10Thomas W. McDade11Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USADepartment of Anthropology and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 1810 Hinman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60208 USACenter for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USAInstitute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing and Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, USAInstitute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing and Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, USACenter for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USACenter for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USACenter for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USAInstitute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing and Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, USACenter for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, USADepartment of Anthropology and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 1810 Hinman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60208 USA; Corresponding author.Background: Recent reports have suggested that among individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, a single mRNA vaccine dose is sufficient to elicit high levels of immunity. Methods: We compared anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG antibody concentrations and antibody-mediated neutralization of spike-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor binding in vitro following vaccination of non-hospitalized participants by sero-status and acute virus diagnosis history. Participants were analysed before and after mRNA vaccination (BNT162b2/Pfizer or mRNA-1273/Moderna) in a community-based, home-collected, longitudinal serosurvey in the Chicago area (USA); none reported hospitalization for COVID-19. Samples were collected in January and February 2021. Before vaccination, some reported prior positive acute viral diagnostic testing and were seropositive (COVID-19+); the others who did not report acute viral diagnostic testing were categorized as seropositive or seronegative based on anti-spike RBD IgG test results. Findings: Of 307 unique vaccine recipients, 46 reported a prior COVID-19 diagnosis and were seropositive (COVID-19 +). Of the 261 with no history of acute viral diagnostic testing, 117 were seropositive and 144 seronegative before vaccination. The median age was 38 years (range 21–83) with 67 female and 33% male; 40% were non-White. Responses were evaluated after one (n = 142) or two (n = 191) doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine. After one dose, median post-vaccine IgG concentration and percent surrogate neutralization were each significantly higher among the COVID-19+ (median 48·2 µg/ml, IgG; > 99.9% neutralization) compared to the seropositives (3·6 µg /ml IgG; 56.5% neutralization) and seronegatives (2·6 µg /ml IgG; 38·3% neutralization). The latter two groups reached > 95% neutralization after the second vaccine dose. Interpretation: After one dose of mRNA vaccine, individuals previously diagnosed with COVID-19 responded with high levels of anti-RBD IgG and surrogate neutralization of spike-ACE2 interaction. One dose of mRNA vaccine was not sufficient to generate comparably high responses among most persons previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 without a clinical COVID-19 diagnosis, nor among seronegative persons. Funding: National Science Foundation 2035114, NIH 3UL1TR001422–06S4, and Northwestern University Office of Research.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537021002984COVID-19SARS-CoV-2Serological testingIgGELISADried blood spots |