Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Diseases: Alternative Biomarker Sources, Therapeutic Agents, and Drug Delivery Carriers
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The emerging role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in intercellular communication has stimulated renewed interest in exploring the potential application of EVs as tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy...
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doaj-93eb72fa88494a8eb20edb9dedfcb4dc2020-11-25T00:12:29ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-07-012013327210.3390/ijms20133272ijms20133272Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Diseases: Alternative Biomarker Sources, Therapeutic Agents, and Drug Delivery CarriersSuet Yen Chong0Choon Keong Lee1Chenyuan Huang2Yi Hsuan Ou3Christopher J. Charles4Arthur Mark Richards5Yub Raj Neupane6Maria Vazquez Pavon7Olga Zharkova8Giorgia Pastorin9Jiong-Wei Wang10Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, SingaporeDepartment of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, SingaporeDepartment of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, SingaporeDepartment of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, SingaporeDepartment of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, SingaporeCardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), Singapore 117599, SingaporeDepartment of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, SingaporeDepartment of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, SingaporeDepartment of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, SingaporeDepartment of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, SingaporeDepartment of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, SingaporeCardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The emerging role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in intercellular communication has stimulated renewed interest in exploring the potential application of EVs as tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in CVD. The ubiquitous nature of EVs in biological fluids presents a technological advantage compared to current diagnostic tools by virtue of their notable stability. EV contents, such as proteins and microRNAs, represent specific signatures of cellular activation or injury. This feature positions EVs as an alternative source of biomarkers. Furthermore, their intrinsic activity and immunomodulatory properties offer EVs unique opportunities to act as therapeutic agents per se or to serve as drug delivery carriers by acting as miniaturized vehicles incorporating bioactive molecules. In this article, we aim to review the recent advances and applications of EV-based biomarkers and therapeutics. In addition, the potential of EVs as a drug delivery and theranostic platform for CVD will also be discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/13/3272extracellular vesiclescardiovascular diseasebiomarkertherapeuticdrug deliverytheranostics |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Suet Yen Chong Choon Keong Lee Chenyuan Huang Yi Hsuan Ou Christopher J. Charles Arthur Mark Richards Yub Raj Neupane Maria Vazquez Pavon Olga Zharkova Giorgia Pastorin Jiong-Wei Wang |
spellingShingle |
Suet Yen Chong Choon Keong Lee Chenyuan Huang Yi Hsuan Ou Christopher J. Charles Arthur Mark Richards Yub Raj Neupane Maria Vazquez Pavon Olga Zharkova Giorgia Pastorin Jiong-Wei Wang Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Diseases: Alternative Biomarker Sources, Therapeutic Agents, and Drug Delivery Carriers International Journal of Molecular Sciences extracellular vesicles cardiovascular disease biomarker therapeutic drug delivery theranostics |
author_facet |
Suet Yen Chong Choon Keong Lee Chenyuan Huang Yi Hsuan Ou Christopher J. Charles Arthur Mark Richards Yub Raj Neupane Maria Vazquez Pavon Olga Zharkova Giorgia Pastorin Jiong-Wei Wang |
author_sort |
Suet Yen Chong |
title |
Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Diseases: Alternative Biomarker Sources, Therapeutic Agents, and Drug Delivery Carriers |
title_short |
Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Diseases: Alternative Biomarker Sources, Therapeutic Agents, and Drug Delivery Carriers |
title_full |
Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Diseases: Alternative Biomarker Sources, Therapeutic Agents, and Drug Delivery Carriers |
title_fullStr |
Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Diseases: Alternative Biomarker Sources, Therapeutic Agents, and Drug Delivery Carriers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Diseases: Alternative Biomarker Sources, Therapeutic Agents, and Drug Delivery Carriers |
title_sort |
extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases: alternative biomarker sources, therapeutic agents, and drug delivery carriers |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2019-07-01 |
description |
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The emerging role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in intercellular communication has stimulated renewed interest in exploring the potential application of EVs as tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in CVD. The ubiquitous nature of EVs in biological fluids presents a technological advantage compared to current diagnostic tools by virtue of their notable stability. EV contents, such as proteins and microRNAs, represent specific signatures of cellular activation or injury. This feature positions EVs as an alternative source of biomarkers. Furthermore, their intrinsic activity and immunomodulatory properties offer EVs unique opportunities to act as therapeutic agents per se or to serve as drug delivery carriers by acting as miniaturized vehicles incorporating bioactive molecules. In this article, we aim to review the recent advances and applications of EV-based biomarkers and therapeutics. In addition, the potential of EVs as a drug delivery and theranostic platform for CVD will also be discussed. |
topic |
extracellular vesicles cardiovascular disease biomarker therapeutic drug delivery theranostics |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/13/3272 |
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