Complexity of microRNA function and the role of isomiRs in lipid homeostasis
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key posttranscriptional regulators of biological pathways that govern lipid metabolic phenotypes. Recent advances in high-throughput small RNA sequencing technology have revealed the complex and dynamic repertoire of miRNAs. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that a single...
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2013-05-01
|
Series: | Journal of Lipid Research |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227520421583 |
id |
doaj-93ed1601f26b4037a98545013f924f7a |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-93ed1601f26b4037a98545013f924f7a2021-04-28T06:05:52ZengElsevierJournal of Lipid Research0022-22752013-05-0154511821191Complexity of microRNA function and the role of isomiRs in lipid homeostasisKasey C. Vickers0Praveen Sethupathy1Jeanette Baran-Gale2Alan T. Remaley3To whom correspondence should be addressed kasey.c.vickers@vanderbilt.edu; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; To whom correspondence should be addressed kasey.c.vickers@vanderbilt.eduDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NCDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NCLipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MDMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key posttranscriptional regulators of biological pathways that govern lipid metabolic phenotypes. Recent advances in high-throughput small RNA sequencing technology have revealed the complex and dynamic repertoire of miRNAs. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that a single genomic locus can give rise to multiple, functionally distinct miRNA isoforms (isomiR). There are several mechanisms by which isomiRs can be generated, including processing heterogeneity and posttranscriptional modifications, such as RNA editing, exonuclease-mediated nucleotide trimming, and/or nontemplated nucleotide addition (NTA). NTAs are dominant at the 3′-end of a miRNA, are most commonly uridylation or adenlyation events, and are catalyzed by one or more of several nucleotidyl transferase enzymes. 3′ NTAs can affect miRNA stability and/or activity and are physiologically regulated, whereas modifications to the 5′-ends of miRNAs likely alter miRNA targeting activity. Recent evidence also suggests that the biogenesis of specific miRNAs, or small RNAs that act as miRNAs, can occur through unconventional mechanisms that circumvent key canonical miRNA processing steps. The unveiling of miRNA diversity has significantly added to our view of the complexity of miRNA function. In this review we present the current understanding of the biological relevance of isomiRs and their potential role in regulating lipid metabolism.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227520421583microRNA isoformlipid metabolismnontemplated additions |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kasey C. Vickers Praveen Sethupathy Jeanette Baran-Gale Alan T. Remaley |
spellingShingle |
Kasey C. Vickers Praveen Sethupathy Jeanette Baran-Gale Alan T. Remaley Complexity of microRNA function and the role of isomiRs in lipid homeostasis Journal of Lipid Research microRNA isoform lipid metabolism nontemplated additions |
author_facet |
Kasey C. Vickers Praveen Sethupathy Jeanette Baran-Gale Alan T. Remaley |
author_sort |
Kasey C. Vickers |
title |
Complexity of microRNA function and the role of isomiRs in lipid homeostasis |
title_short |
Complexity of microRNA function and the role of isomiRs in lipid homeostasis |
title_full |
Complexity of microRNA function and the role of isomiRs in lipid homeostasis |
title_fullStr |
Complexity of microRNA function and the role of isomiRs in lipid homeostasis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Complexity of microRNA function and the role of isomiRs in lipid homeostasis |
title_sort |
complexity of microrna function and the role of isomirs in lipid homeostasis |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Journal of Lipid Research |
issn |
0022-2275 |
publishDate |
2013-05-01 |
description |
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key posttranscriptional regulators of biological pathways that govern lipid metabolic phenotypes. Recent advances in high-throughput small RNA sequencing technology have revealed the complex and dynamic repertoire of miRNAs. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that a single genomic locus can give rise to multiple, functionally distinct miRNA isoforms (isomiR). There are several mechanisms by which isomiRs can be generated, including processing heterogeneity and posttranscriptional modifications, such as RNA editing, exonuclease-mediated nucleotide trimming, and/or nontemplated nucleotide addition (NTA). NTAs are dominant at the 3′-end of a miRNA, are most commonly uridylation or adenlyation events, and are catalyzed by one or more of several nucleotidyl transferase enzymes. 3′ NTAs can affect miRNA stability and/or activity and are physiologically regulated, whereas modifications to the 5′-ends of miRNAs likely alter miRNA targeting activity. Recent evidence also suggests that the biogenesis of specific miRNAs, or small RNAs that act as miRNAs, can occur through unconventional mechanisms that circumvent key canonical miRNA processing steps. The unveiling of miRNA diversity has significantly added to our view of the complexity of miRNA function. In this review we present the current understanding of the biological relevance of isomiRs and their potential role in regulating lipid metabolism. |
topic |
microRNA isoform lipid metabolism nontemplated additions |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227520421583 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT kaseycvickers complexityofmicrornafunctionandtheroleofisomirsinlipidhomeostasis AT praveensethupathy complexityofmicrornafunctionandtheroleofisomirsinlipidhomeostasis AT jeanettebarangale complexityofmicrornafunctionandtheroleofisomirsinlipidhomeostasis AT alantremaley complexityofmicrornafunctionandtheroleofisomirsinlipidhomeostasis |
_version_ |
1721504213540798464 |